地勘文化与地勘行业核心价值体系

十七届六中全会召开以来,文化建设的软实力作用受到广泛重视。对于地勘行业来说,制约行业发展的一个重要因素是地勘文化,而地勘行业核心价值体系的建立是关键。地勘行业核心价值体系的作用主要体现在四个方面:一是指引行业发展的方向和轨迹;二是凝聚力量,形成合力;三是形成励志的信念和决心;四是建立职业道德标准,规范行业行为。地勘行业有优良的传统,先进的文化,但同时也存在一些思想意识方面的弊端和弱点。要发展先进的行业文化,需要结合行业特点,完善制度,建立有利于引导行业健康向上的激励机制。在具体工作中,领导干部要以身作则,坚持正确的政策导向和用人准则,从每一个细节开始推进先进的理念,鼓励无私奉献、诚实守信的做法,抑制好大喜功、弄虚作假的行为,树立行业正气,让社会主义核心价值体系在地勘行业落地生根、发展繁荣。     

电算化背景下会计职业道德存在的问题及原因分析

伴随我国经济体制和社会的转型,以及会计电算化的发展,会计职业道德发生了深刻的嬗变,同时出现了较严重的会计职业道德失范现象。本文从会计执业环境对会计职业道德的影响、电算化背景下会计职业道德存在的问题和原因分析三个方面分析了当前中国会计职业道德的现状。     

The Role of Professional Codes in Regarding Ethical Conduct

This paper investigates the regulation of ethical behavior of professionals. Ethical perceptions of South African professionals operating in the business community (specifically accountants, lawyers and engineers) concerning their need for and awareness of professional codes, and the frequency and acceptability of peer contravention of such codes were sought. The existence of conflict between corporate codes and professional codes was also investigated. Results, based on 217 replies, indicated that the professionals believe that codes are necessary and are relatively aware of the contents of such codes. Despite these ethical tendencies, respondents (particularly lawyers) believe that their peers contravene their professional codes relatively often. No significant differences in ethical tendencies between professionals consulting to and those working in business were found. Many respondents were regulated by more than one code of ethics, but few experienced conflict between such codes. In the events of conflict occurring professionals chose to adhere to their professional code above others.     

Ethics on the Web: Applying Moral Decision-Making to the New Media

This paper examines the advent of the Web as a critical media tool in the promotion and sale of goods to consumers and the ethical questions it raises that are issues of public policy. We examine four traditional ethical rationales that guide organizational decision-making – utilitarianism, distributive justice, moral rights of man and relativism, further characterized as "ends-based", "equity-based", "rules-based" and "comparison-based" rationales – and we apply them to four moral dilemmas attributed to the proliferation of dot.com companies as they relate to consumer welfare. We find that ethical rationale in the New Media is largely non-existent, and where it exists, it is primarily reactive and driven by utilitarian or relativistic reasoning. We attribute this condition to the newness of the industry and to its economic context, representing, as it does, many characteristics embodied in the concept of the "perfect market." We offer some remedies to improve ethical conduct by e-business.     

Business Ethics in Spain

This article is an introduction to the selection of papers on "Business Ethics in Spain" included in this monographic issue of the Journal of Business Ethics. Specifically, this article is a survey of the development of the social, political, cultural and economic background of business in Spain since 1940, in order to show how the ethical values, attitudes and problems of the Spanish managers changed in these years. First, the global evolution of this background is explained, and then several relevant problems are discussed, namely those of the attitudes of business towards the State and the law (with an aside on the attitudes of society towards profit and wealth), corruption, and the grey economy, taxes, and irregular labour. The article concludes with a survey of the scientific developments of business ethics in Spain.     

论和谐社会的经济伦理道德

经济伦理道德是和谐社会的秩序内核。市场经济伦理道德的内容包括了公平竞争、权利意识、职业道德、诚信原则和社会责任等方面。而伦理道德的构建过程既是一个市场经济内在逻辑发展和传统道德自然的演化过程,也是一个社会自觉的建设过程,包括市场竞争机制更完善和市场信息更充分。     

论"经济人"假设的发展

对新古典经济学"经济人"假设的批判体现在三个方面:对"经济人"完全理性的修正;对个人利益与社会利益一致性的批判;对"经济人"利益目标函数的修正。在市场经济条件下,为了体现"经济人"利益目标要求,应建立按要素分配的分配制度和"经济人"自由支配要素收入的产权制度;为了约束"经济人"的行为,应把"依法治国"与"以德治国"紧密结合起来。     

Cognitive Theory and Moral Behavior: The Contribution of F. A. Hayek to Business Ethics

This paper shows how business ethics as a concept may be approached from a cognitive viewpoint. Following F. A. Hayek's cognitive theory, I argue that moral behavior evolves and changes because of individual perception and action. Individual moral behavior becomes a moral rule when prominently displayed by members of a certain society in a specific situation. A set of moral rules eventually forms the ethical code of a society, of which business ethics codes are only a part. By focusing on the concept of "limited" or "dispersed knowledge" that underlies the cognitive approach, I show that universal ethical norms that should lead to defined outcomes cannot exist. This approach moreover shows the limits of deliberate rule-setting. Attempts to deliberately impose universal ethical rules on societies may turn out to be harmful for societal development and lead to an abuse of governmental power.     

Ethical Dilemmas in Performance Measurement

In this article we discuss the ethical dilemmas facing performance evaluators and the "evaluatees" whose performances are measured in a business context. The concepts of role morality and common morality are used to develop a framework of behaviors that are normally seen as the moral responsibilities of these actors. This framework is used to analyze, based on four empirical situations, why the implementation of a performance measurement system has not been as effective as expected. It was concluded that, in these four cases, unethical behavior (i.e. deviations from the ethical behaviors identified in the framework) provided, at least to some extent, an explanation for the lower than expected effectiveness of the performance measurement procedures. At the end of the paper we present an agenda for further research through which the framework could be further developed and systematically applied to a broader set of cases.     

Measuring the Implementation of Codes of Conduct. An Assessment Method Based on a Process Approach of the Responsible Organisation

More and more organisations formulate a code of conduct in order to stimulate responsible behaviour among their members. Much time and energy is usually spent fixing the content of the code but many organisations get stuck in the challenge of implementing and maintaining the code. The code then turns into nothing else than the notorious "paper in the drawer", without achieving its aims. The challenge of implementation is to utilize the dynamics which have emerged from the formulation of the code. This will support a continuous process of reflection on the central values and standards contained in the code. This paper presents an assessment method, based on the EFQM model, which intends to support this implementation process.