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131.
Christopher Michaelson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,77(3):335-345
Tolstoy’s Iván Ilych lies near death, regretting a terrible life but unaware of what he could have done differently while
alive. Although motivated to work for all the wrong reasons–money, self-esteem, social acceptance, and escape from home–by
all formal accounts he has been a highly responsible professional. This analysis of a work about work illustrates the relationship
between meaningful work, professional responsibility, and meaningful life. 相似文献
132.
The focus of this paper is to further a discussion of codes of ethics as institutionalized organizational structures that
extend some form of legitimacy to organizations. The particular form of legitimacy is of critical importance to our analysis.
After reviewing various theories of legitimacy, we analyze the literature on how legitimacy is derived from codes of ethics
to discover which specific form of legitimacy is gained from their presence in organizations. We content analyze a sample
of codes to consider the question of whether a strategic, self-interested rationale lies behind the adoption of a code of
ethics. We propose that the process of employing codes of ethics in this strategic manner has become, through isomorphism,
an institutionalized practice that itself confers a cognitive form of legitimacy to the organization and further distances
the codes from their moral foundation. 相似文献
133.
Adam Barsky 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,81(1):63-81
Goal-setting has become a popular and effective motivational tool, utilized by practitioners and substantiated with decades
of empirical research. However, the potential for goal-setting to enhance performance may come at the cost of ethical behavior.
I propose a theoretical model linking attributes of goals and goal-setting practices to unethical behavior through two psychological
mechanisms – ethical recognition and moral disengagement; and addressing the moderating role of individual differences (e.g.,
goal-commitment and conscientiousness), as well as the broader organizational ethical context. 相似文献
134.
Moses L. Pava 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,73(3):287-299
This paper is divided into two sections. In the first section, I discuss “what is spirituality?” and in the section that follows, I examine some of the implications of my definition to the teaching of spirituality in an undergraduate business ethics course. For the purposes of this paper, spirituality is defined as the planned experience (the inner feeling) of blending integrity and integration through 1 – acceptance (of the past), 2 – commitment (to the future), 3 – reasonable choice, 4 – mindful action, and 5 –continuous dialog (both internal and external). This definition is a work-in-progress and offered mainly as a point of departure rather than a final destination. 相似文献
135.
Arriving at a moral judgment is not a straightforward or linear process in which ethical theories are simply applied to cases.
Instead it is a process in which the formulation of the moral problem, the formulation of possible “solutions”, and the ethical
judging of these solutions go hand in hand. This messy character of moral problems, however, does not rule out a systematic
approach. In this article, we describe a systematic approach to problem solving that does justice to the complex nature of
moral problems and ethical judgment: the ethical cycle. Our goal is to provide a structured and disciplined method of addressing
moral problems, which helps to guide a sound analysis of these problems. We will illustrate the usefulness of this cycle with
an example. Further, we will discuss two general issues in applied ethics in relation to the proposed ethical cycle: the role
of ethical theories and the place of individual judgment versus collective deliberation.
Ibo van de Poel (1966) is Assistant Professor of Ethics and Technology at Delft University of Technology. He has done research
on the dynamics of technological development, codes of conduct and professional ethics of engineers, the moral acceptability
of technological risks, ethics in engineering design, and ethics and responsibiltiy in R&D networks. He has published in,
among others, Science, Technology & Humans Values, Research Policy and Science and Engineering Ethics. For more information, see http://www.tbm.tudelft.nl/webstaf/ibop/.
Lambèr Royakkers (1967) is Associate Professor of Ethics and Technology at Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.
He studied Philosophy and Social Sciences, Technical Mathematics, and Law. He received his PhD at the Tilburg University in
1996. His dissertation was on the formalisation of normative rules with deontic logic. It has been revised rather thoroughly
for the serie Law and Philosophy published by Kluwer Academic in 1998. His research interests include ethics and technology,
(collective) responsibility, and logic. 相似文献
136.
Usury is a concept often associated more with religiously based financial ethics, whether Christian or Islamic, than with
the secular world of contemporary finance. The problem is compounded by a tendency to interpret riba, prohibited within Islam, as both usury and interest, without adequately distinguishing these concepts. This paper argues
that in Christian tradition usury has always evoked the notion of money demanded in excess of what is owed on a loan, disrupting
a relationship of equality between people, whereas interest was seen as referring to just compensation to the lender. Although
it is often claimed that hostility towards ‘usury’ has been in retreat in the West since the protestant Reformation, we would
argue that the crucial break came not with Calvin, but with Jeremy Bentham, whose critique of the arguments of Adam Smith,
upholding the reasonableness of the laws against usury, led to the abolition of the usury laws in England in 1854. There has
to be a role for law, whether Islamic or secular, in regulating financial relationships. We argue that by retrieving the necessary
distinction between demanding usury as illegitimate predatory lending and interest as legitimate compensation, we can discover
common ground behind the driving principles of financial ethics within both Islamic and Christian tradition that may still
be of relevance today. By re-examining past ethical discussions of the distinction between usury and just compensation, we
argue that the world’s religious traditions can make significant contributions to contemporary debate.
Constant Mews is Director of the Centre for Studies in Religion and Theology at Monash University. He holds PhD and Masters
degrees in medieval history, and pursues research in medieval religion, thought and ethics.
Ibrahim Abraham is a PhD student in the School of Political and Social Inquiry, Monash University, with degrees in religion
studies as well as law. His research interests include religion and culture, fair trade, and human rights. 相似文献
137.
刘后平 《四川商业高等专科学校学报》2013,(5):46-49
在中国长期以儒家为中心的文化氛围中,伦理经济思想是社会经济肌体运行的主要指导。在近代西方经济思想中,以亚当·斯密为代表的古典经济学家所倡导的"经济人"理论,奠基了西方经济伦理的道德基础。而现代经济学中的"理性经济人"理论逐渐抛弃了古典学派"经济人"理论所蕴涵的伦理传统,以单纯追求自我利益最大化为惟一的理性,从而导致"经济人"伦理道德的缺失。建立在单一经济观基础上的现代西方经济学理论虽促进了现代经济的繁荣与发展,也带来一系列不良后果。建设社会主义和谐社会,需要继承中西方传统文化的精髓,对"经济人"理性重新改造,重塑伦理经济观。 相似文献
138.
Joseph Heath 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,72(4):359-374
In the economic literature on the firm, especially in the transaction–cost tradition, a sharp distinction is drawn between
so-called “market transactions” and “administered transactions.” This distinction is of enormous importance for business ethics,
since market transactions are governed by the competitive logic of the market, whereas administered transactions are subject
to the cooperative norms that govern collective action in a bureaucracy. The widespread failure to distinguish between these
two types of transactions, and thus to distinguish between adversarial and non-adversarial relations, has led many business
ethicists to develop a “uniform” moral code. Yet in market transactions, the checks and balances built into the system of
commercial exchange are such as to permit more instrumental forms of behavior. In administered transactions, by contrast,
these checks and balances are absent, and thus the institutional context calls for much greater exercise of moral restraint.
In this paper, I begin the task of developing an adversarial ethic for business. According to this view, the competitive environment
licenses a greater range of “self-interested” behavior, but also imposes its own constraints on the strategies that firms
may adopt in the pursuit of their interests.
Joseph Heath is Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy and the Centre for Ethics at the University of Toronto.
He is the author of three books: Communicative Action and Rational Choice (MIT Press, 2001), The Efficient Society (Penguin,
2001), and with Andrew Potter. The Rebel Sell (HarperCollins, 2004). His research focuses on practical rationality, normative
economics, and critical theory. 相似文献
139.
Ethical guidelines for psychologists are meant to stimulate and help psychologists to act appropriately with respect to clients,
colleagues, and other individuals involved in their professional relations. This paper focuses on the similarity of codes
of ethics of psychologists in European countries in general, and on specific ethical dilemmas in the area of work and organizations
in particular. First, an overview is given of the development of ethical guidelines in Europe and the USA. Second, the results
are presented of a survey by E-mail amongst members of the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) to identify
the differences and similarities between ethical guidelines of the affiliate members. Third, the potential dilemmas of stakeholders
in work and organizational assessment are addressed. Finally, the results of a survey among Dutch selection psychologists
are presented. The purpose of this study was to examine a possible tension between normative behavior and attitudes about
normal behavior. It was concluded that ethical guidelines of European countries cover comparable (sub-)principles and that
there are indications that individual psychologists agree with the written principles. In addition, suggestions for future
research are given.
Olga Voskuijl is Assistant Professor in Work and Organizational Psychology at the University of Amsterdam. Her research interests
include codes of ethics, ethical dilemas in psychology, personnel selection; theory, and measurement of job performance; job
analysis; measurement and analysis, of ability, personality, and vocational development. She has published on these topics
in journals such as International Journal of Selection and Assessment, International Journal of Human Resource Management
and European Journal of Psychological Assessment.
Arne Evers is Associate Professor in Work and Organizational Psychology at the University of Amsterdam. His research interests
include personnel selection, discrimination in selection, test and scale construction, organizational diagnosis and work stress.
His publications have appeared in such journals as Journal of Organizational Behavior, European Journal of Psychological Assessment,
and Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Arne is a member of the Committee on Testing of the Dutch Association
of Psychologists (COTAN) and of the standing Committee on Tests and Testing of the European Federation of Psychological Associations
(EFPA). 相似文献
140.
The continuing and deepening economic reforms in China have brought many changes both socially and economically to the society. The primary function of auditing in China has begun to shift away from the traditional tax compliance assessment towards the credibility lending to financial statements. The economic reforms and the development of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises have necessitated the parallel development of auditing standards in China. While some significant differences exist, the new Chinese auditing standards are, in a number of important aspects, similar to the professional standards promulgated by the International Federation of Accountants. The development of a comprehensive body of standards, auditor independence, the role of certain auditing techniques, and certified public accountant (CPA) population are the major areas that China needs to improve. Opening up the Chinese accounting industry will trigger significant advances in the implementation of Chinese standards and the development of the Chinese accounting profession. 相似文献