Developing Technological Stance: Children's Learning in Technology Education

Following a review of current research in children's learning in technology education, and an examination of the kinds of knowledge demanded in contemporary technology education programs in elementary schools, I argue that what is needed in early technology education programs is the scaffolding of what I am calling technological stance. This construct acknowledges the socio-cultural character of technology as a human endeavor. In contrast to programs which are oriented to application of conceptual and procedural knowledge or to programs in which knowledge is generated through interpretation of interactions with materials and tools, programs which support technological stance position learners as critical inquirers into both tool-related and discursive practices of technology.     

Enhancing Practicing Primary School Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Technology

This paper describes the frameworks and cognitive tools that have been developed to enhance practising teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in primary school technology education. The frameworks evolved from our research that firstly examined existing teaching practices, secondly enhanced formative interactions and thirdly enhanced summative assessment strategies. The evidence gained over the three years demonstrated how the effective use of frameworks could be utilised to enhance teacher pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). How we see learning is of prime importance in examining the development of teacher pedagogical content knowledge. A sociocultural view of learning is taken where human mental processes are situated within their historical, cultural and institutional setting. In the research project we strongly emphasised the need for teachers to build a knowledge base for teaching technology. Critical aspects identified as enhancing PCK included: negotiated intervention, planning frameworks, reflection on case studies, workshops and support in classrooms, appropriate resources, teacher agreement meetings, portfolios of student work and summative profiles. The increased PCK resulted in: enhanced teacher knowledge about technology including the nature of technology, areas of technology and specific technological knowledge, changed pedagogical approaches, enhanced teacher student interaction, refinement of appropriate learning outcomes, critical decision making, improved teacher confidence, and enhanced student learning. Seven characteristics or features of pedagogical content knowledge that we believe are important for effective teaching and learning in technology are presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

现代制造系统环境下的质量信息技术

企业为了确保在激烈的市场竞争中取胜，必须运用信息技术、计算机技术等先进技术提高企业质量管理的水平，增强质量保证和质量控制的有效性。现代制造技术系统CIMS的质量保证系统是在网络数据库的支持下，从产品设计、开发，到售后服务全生命周期中对质量有关的数据进行有效的采集、处理、评价和决策，对质量管理、质量保证、质量控制活动进行有效的管理，实现企业质量管理的整体优化．以达到全面满足顾客要求，提高市场竞争能力的目的。     

油气田开发项目平均投资利润率和利税率的确定

行业平均投资利润率和行业平均投资利税率是投资者进行投资机会选择的主要参考依据之一，是投资者对其投资项目收益的最低期望要求。从投资者角度来讲，恰当地确定平均投资利润率和行业平均投资利税率是一个相当重要而又比较棘手的问题。文章主要讨论了如何确定油气田勘探开发项目经济评价中平均投资利润率和行业平均投资利税率的一种简单方法。     

推广施工新技术提高工程科技含量

在建筑工程施工新技术推广与应用现状宏观分析的基础上，以“2004年建设部科技示范工程项目”大连开发区文化中心施工新技术应用与推广为实例，分析了如何结合工程实际采用新技术来提高工程科技含量、保证工程质量，并提出了一些措施和对策。     

以技术标准为核心,整合施工企业标准体系

企业标准体系如何与企业一体化管理体系整合？结合施工企业推进标准化管理的实际，要把握好“两个接口”和“一个整合”的问题。一是解决好与国家和行业的技术标准、技术法规、技术规范的“标准接口”。二是解决好企业标准体系——系列标准体系“各子体系接口”的问题。三是把企业标准体系同企业一体化管理体系整合起来。     

油田企业应用质量可靠性技术初探

结合油田企业特点，阐述了开展质量可靠性技术的必要性，并从提高人的意识、加强质量可靠性信息管理、加强软件可靠性管理、加强统计技术应用、加强质量可靠性技术在油田勘探开发生产工艺中的应用等几方面提出建议。     

强磁防垢技术研究及其在油田的现场应用

对国内某油田注水管线的结垢现象及水质和垢物成分进行了分析，探讨了强磁防垢机理，研究了磁处理的特点。通过室内晶相显微观察法。优化选择强磁处理的最佳磁参数，根据最佳磁参数设计出适合此油田现场使用的强磁防垢器，并在油田现场安装磁化器实施强磁防垢技术．观察磁防垢前后注水管线状况和结垢对比。现场实践表明，强磁防垢技术不但操作方便，而且可取得显著的效果和经济效益。     

Technology improves sales performance—doesn't it?: An introduction to the special issue on selling and sales technology

Firms around the globe are rushing to invest in sales force technology or sales force automation (SFA). SFA appears to mean different things to different people. For example, management and sales personnel view the need for, application of, and advantages of SFA quite distinctly. As a result of technology, this special issue examines many areas of sales force automation to provide both practicing managers and sales force academicians with a clearer perspective of new technology in the B2B marketplace. This article introduces the special issue topic, individual contributors, and acknowledges support proffered by myriad individuals.     

Sales technology within the salesperson's relationships: A research agenda

The average cost of a sales call has declined approximately 15% over the past decade, while average salesperson compensation has doubled. These statistics illustrate an important benefit of technology: salespeople are more productive. To better understand the impact technology has played on sales and sales management, this paper examines the impact of sales technology from four perspectives: the salesperson, the field sales manager, the sales executive, and the customer. Noting that the needs and evaluations of technology vary, depending upon the functional position and viewpoint, a research agenda is offered that reflects these various perspectives.