封闭性突破：农村宅基地资格权“外延”研究——基于Y县B镇试点考察

[目的]妥善解决各类返乡下乡人才居住问题，探索一条非本集体成员宅基地建房可行路径是破除人才回流瓶颈助力乡村振兴的关键。[方法]文章以Y县B镇为研究对象，综合运用实地调研法、案例分析法与访谈法，构建宅基地资格权“外延”理论框架，解析非本集体成员宅基地建房的具体路径与形成机理。[结果]通过慎稳框定“外延”主体、村民民主决策与权能约束实现资格权向非本集体成员“外延”，地方政府政绩诉求、农村发展缺要素、乡村治理有效实践、非本集体成员报本反始、村民要求保障宅基地资格权的现实要求共同驱动“外延”模式的产生。[结论]宅基地资格权“外延”推动人才、技术、资本等要素有序回流农村，村民参与宅基地资格权“外延”全过程并就各项事宜达成共识，促进了村民自治与公民精神培育，基于此，提出淡化“唯户籍论”，适度放宽宅基地资格权认定标准的对策建议。     

Agricultural input subsidies,extension services,and farm labour productivity nexus: Evidence from maize farmers in Tanzania

This paper examines the effect of agricultural input subsidies (AIS) and agricultural extension services (AES) on farm labour productivity in plots planted with maize in Tanzania, using panel data from the National Panel Survey in Tanzania. To control for the endogeneity of the two programmes, a control function and instrumental variable approach is used to estimate the effects of AIS and AES on farm labour productivity. The results show that AIS and AES are significant in raising labour productivity in maize-planted plots. Similarly, AIS and AES are also effective in increasing land productivity in these plots. Moreover, each programme has comparable effects on land productivity and farm labour productivity. These findings imply that public investments in AIS and AES are effective in raising farm productivity.     

Does combining traditional and information and communications technology–based extension methods improve agricultural outcomes? Evidence from field experiments in Mali

Adequate flow of appropriate information to farmers is vital for accelerating the uptake of modern agricultural technologies and improving access to markets, all of which are important for the transformation of African economies. Yet there is limited evidence regarding how information should be disseminated to farmers to achieve the needed impact. Should ICT-based approaches be used together with traditional methods, or should they be used alone? We used cluster quasi-random and randomized experiments involving 140 villages in southern Mali to study three chains of causality: does farmer training increase knowledge? Does knowledge lead to change in behavior? Do the different actions generate varying economic outcomes? We show that the role of farmer training in the uptake of extension advice may be overstated in some settings; that procrastination and inattention are more binding constraints to recommendation adherence than information per se; and that such constraints could be mitigated by timely voice SMS reminders. Although timely reminders nudged farmers to take-up recommendations, leading to meaningful improvements in some intermediate outcomes, these impacts were not large enough to generate improvements in output, prices and profits in the short term. These findings must be interpreted within the context of imperfect compliance with experimental protocols, which pose threats to both the internal and external validity of some of the impact estimates.     

品牌延伸会影响品牌个性吗？——反馈效应的视角

品牌个性和品牌延伸都是品牌管理的重要内容，二者相互影响，过去的研究着重于品牌个性对品牌延伸的影响，但品牌延伸亦会影响品牌个性发展。选取我国医药行业老字号品牌云南白药作为研究对象，首先对云南白药的品牌个性进行探索性研究，通过四个定性研究确定云南白药品牌个性的项目词汇库，然后通过问卷调查获得的353份样本进行探索性因子分析，确定了云南白药的品牌个性的三个品牌个性维度，即经典真诚、可靠安全、独特神秘。在此基础上，针对云南白药向日化产品的品牌延伸如何影响其品牌个性提出理论假设，通过问卷调查获取205份样本，应用回归分析对假设进行检验，发现品牌延伸的两个维度情感延伸和功能延伸对品牌个性都有显著的正向影响，但功能延伸对品牌个性的正向影响更加显著，而且功能延伸和情感延伸对品牌个性各个维度的影响效果不一。