山东省渔业科技进步研究

新时期山东蓝色经济发展浪潮对山东渔业科技的发展提出新的要求。山东当前拥有庞大的渔业科技人才队伍和强大的科技平台建设,科技支撑能力不断增强,渔业科技推广能力不断提高。同时山东渔业科技发展面临一些挑战,科技成果评价机制不健全、相关法律法规不完善,科技投入不足、科技创新能力较弱,渔业科技基础较差、信息服务水平不高。为此,应建立科研推广基地、建设渔业科技成果多元化服务体系,攻关突破山东渔业科技发展重点领域,增加科技投入、调整科技投入结构深化科技体制改革,构建新型渔业科技创新体系。     

Is the Current Regulation of the VIII Division European Anchovy Optimal?

This paper sets out to assess the workability of the regulation currently in force in the European anchovy fishery of the VIII division. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the institutional regime in the allocation of natural resources. The study uses a bio-economic approach and takes into account the fact that, not only the European Union and the individual countries involved, but also some of the resource users or appropriators intervene in its management. In order to compare the effectiveness of the rules which, at the various levels, have been set up to restrict exploitation of the resource, the anchovy fishery is simulated in two extreme situations: open access and sole ownership. The results obtained by effective management will then be contrasted with those obtained from the maximum and zero profit objectives related with the two above-mentioned scenarios. Thus, if the real data come close to those derived from the sole ownership model it will have to be acknowledged that the rules at present in force are optimal. If, on the other hand, the situation more closely approach the results obtained from the open access model, we will endeavour in our conclusions to provide suggestions for economic policy measures that might improve the situation in the fishery.     

论水产科技产业的组织形式

本文分析了当前水产科研院所组建的科技产业的某些弊端，认为“科、工、贸一体化”将有可能成为水产科技产业的重要组织形式，同时提出了实施“科、工、贸一体化”的步骤、应注意的问题及发展趋势     

舟山渔民人口渔业资源可持续发展观的实证分析

采用 CHAID方法 ,对 2 0 0 2年舟山渔业人口家庭消费抽样调查数据进行了分类分析。结果表明 ,舟山渔民的收入水平在过去十年有了显著提高 ,但同时收入差异也在扩大 ,而收入水平又正是影响舟山渔民的渔业资源可持续发展观的一个非常重要的因素 ;另一个重要的影响因素是文化教育水平的差异。就政策问题对分析的结果作了初步的讨论。     

Credibility of linear equilibrium strategies in a discrete time fishery management game

In this article we consider a two-country dynamic game model of whaling in discrete time. We assume that the countries have exact information, with one-period time delay, about each other's whaling efforts as measured by the number of vessels involved in whaling. It is shown how strategies that linearly depend on the whaling effort of the other country can be used to support a given Pareto-optimal agreement so that there will not be a temptation for unilateral deviation from the agreed decision. The credibility of these cooperative equilibrum strategies is discussed.     

Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Exploitation of the Arcto-Norwegian Cod Stock

A two-agent model for the exploitation of the Arcto-Norwegian cod stock is developed to investigate the economic benefits that can be realized from the resource, and the effect of exploitation on stock sustainability under cooperation and non-cooperation. The two agents are identified in this study as a trawl fishery versus a coastal fishery. Unlike in Munro (1979), where conflicts in the management strategies of agents arise from differences in the perceptions of the discount factor, fishing effort costs, and consumer preferences, here conflicts arise mainly from the differences in fishing gear and grounds, and the age group of cod targeted by the two agents. Using a game theoretic framework, we show that given available data, the optimum optimorum is obtained under cooperation with side payments and no predetermined harvest shares, in which case the coastal fishery buys out the trawl fishery. However, sensitivity analysis shows that if the price premium assumed for mature cod is taken away, the trawl fishery takes over as the producer of the optimum optimorum.     

河北省海洋渔业资源可持续利用分析

河北省海洋渔业资源的形势愈来愈严峻,但海洋捕捞量却年年增加,这不难使人们联想到海洋渔业资源正在严重退化。文章引用了Walter＆Hilborn提出的非平衡产量模型对资源进行评估,计算出了最大持续产量(MSY)和最适捕捞努力量(fopt)。同时对海洋渔业资源退化进行了经济损失估算,并对海洋渔业资源开发利用合理性进行评价。旨在为早日实现河北省海洋渔业资源的合理有序开发利用和可持续发展提供参考。     

黑龙江干流水电梯级开发对鱼类资源

分析了黑龙江干流水电梯级开发对鱼类资源的影响,结果表明,梯级水利枢纽建成后,对鲤、鲫、在型鱼类的影响利弊兼有。作用不明显;对以鲢、草鱼为代表的半洄游型鱼类产生的不利影响较大;对鲟、鳇、大麻土产持产鱼类的不利影响较明显。     

卫星导航通信信息化对渔业经济和管理的作用

本文在阐述渔业信息化建设在渔船安全管理、渔船监控等方面现状的基础上,分析了该技术对渔业经济和管理的促进作用:保障海洋渔业安全生产,强化渔业管理,服务海洋产业;提高渔业生产和交易效率、缩短渔业产品交易周期,促进"三农"问题的解决;提高海洋渔业信息化水平,推动海洋经济上新台阶;减少外交争端,维护我国海洋权益,促进海洋经济和谐发展等。最后,展望了卫星导航通信信息化在渔业信息化领域中的应用前景。     

中国渔业保险研究文献综述

渔业保险对渔业经济具有重要的保障作用,但迄今中国渔业保险的发展还很薄弱,除了渔业的产业特性和渔业保险的特殊性原因之外,还因为政府有效指导的缺位和保险公司经营的缺位,即渔业保险参与者没有承担好自身的角色职能。通过对渔业保险现有研究文献的梳理提出如下建议：以政府政策支持和财政补贴为基础,在政府、互保协会（互助保险）、商业保险及渔民之间达成较好的合作关系,通过参与者之间有效的合作机制建立长期稳定的渔业风险保障制度,使渔业保险走上健康、持续、稳定的良性发展之路。