我国对外贸易与经济增长关系的实证研究

从我国现有的相关资料和数据入手,采用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法,运用我国1978年至2010年间GDP、进口额、出口额的统计数据,对我国对外贸易与经济增长的关系进行了分析和研究,得出了相关结论。     

The effects of health aid on child health promotion in developing countries: cross-country evidence

Although epidemiological knowledge in relation to child health has improved in the last few decades, around 3 million children die each year in developing countries from preventable diseases. The international development community views increased immunization coverage for children as an important step in eliminating or reducing these deaths. Many developing countries have very limited resources to tackle major health problems and have to rely on external finance. This article examines the impact of foreign aid devoted to the health sector on child health promotion in developing countries. Two proxies for child health promotion are used: (a) immunization against measles and (b) immunization against Diphtheria–Pertussis–Tetanus (DPT). A range of model specifications and panel data econometric techniques are applied to data covering the period 1990 to 2005. This article finds a positive and statistically significant link between health aid and the measures of child health promotion.     

空间溢出、双向FDI与二氧化碳排放强度

基于文献综述发现双向FDI(外商直接投资和对外直接投资)对碳排放强度的影响可能同时具有\"污染光环效应\"和\"污染避难效应\".因此,选择2005—2017年中国30个省市(因数据缺失,不包括西藏地区和港澳台地区)的面板数据,通过莫兰指数(Moran's I)对中国外商直接投资、对外直接投资和二氧化碳排放强度的空间集聚特征进行刻画,并构建空间计量模型实证研究中国双向FDI对二氧化碳排放强度的影响效应.研究发现:中国二氧化碳排放强度与双向FDI都存在显著的空间正相关特征;中国双向FDI对本地区二氧化碳排放强度的影响效应均显著为正;中国双向FDI的空间溢出效应显著抑制中国二氧化碳排放强度增加.最后,提出了合理利用双向FDI的政策建议.     

俄罗斯对外贸易实证分析

2001年以来俄罗斯外贸保持了高速增长,成为世界主要贸易大国,这对俄罗斯的经济恢复起到了推动作用。但俄罗斯的外贸模式并未使其具有绝对的国际竞争优势,要想成为世界贸易强国,俄罗斯必须改变目前的外贸发展模式,确立其国际竞争优势。     

外资进入、竞争与性别就业差异

在中国性别就业差异持续扩大的背景下,文章基于2004-2007年的中国工业企业数据库检验了外资进入是如何通过竞争效应对企业性别就业差异产生影响的。结果显示,外资进入程度越高的地区与行业具有越低的性别就业差异,外资进入程度每增加1%,我国内资企业女性就业份额将会增加0.0407%,且这一结果在考虑了抽样偏倚、不同外资范围的界定、使用不同外资进入程度衡量标准和控制内生性后依然十分稳健。进一步的研究显示,外资进入通过提高企业面临的竞争程度来促使以利润最大化为目标的企业雇佣更多成本较低的女性劳动力,进而降低性别就业差异。更为重要的是,外资进入产生的竞争效应对于性别差异的影响在不同受教育群体之间存在差异,其对受过高等教育,特别是受过研究生以上教育的群体影响最大。文章结论表明,在经济全球化背景下完善市场竞争机制和提高女性受教育程度将有利于减少性别就业差异。此外,文章也为研究外资进入的社会经济影响提供了不一样的思路。     

区域对外贸易与制造业产业结构间关系的实证研究——基于省级制造业行业动态面板数据

利用2000—2010年我国省级制造业行业动态面板数据,运用系统广义矩估计方法,实证研究了我国东、中和西部地区的出口和进口对制造业产业结构的影响。研究结果显示:东部地区的出口与资源密集型行业和劳动密集型行业的"行业产值与制造业总产值的比值"存在负相关关系,与资本密集型行业和资本技术密集型行业的"行业产值与制造业总产值的比值"存在正相关关系;东部地区的出口促进了制造业产业结构的升级,中、西部地区的情况与之相反;三大区域的进口均促进了制造业产业结构的升级;促进三大区域制造业产业结构升级的主要因素是国内投资和技术进步;东部地区的FDI、居民收入水平和金融发展水平促进了其制造业产业结构的升级,而中、西部地区的FDI没有促进其制造业产业结构的升级,中、西部地区的居民收入水平和金融发展水平对制造业产业结构升级的促进效果不明显。     

近10年国外远程办公研究进展与本土化启示——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

新冠肺炎疫情严重影响了企业经营活动,但在一定程度上也推动了远程办公这种新型工作方式。为探究该领域研究进展,收集近10年Web of Science（科学引文索引）数据库中收录的“远程办公”或“线上办公”为主题的242篇核心文献,通过文献计量软件CiteSpace分析国外远程办公研究文献间的关联关系,探寻国外远程办公领域的发展脉络和研究前沿。在此基础上,对近10年国内中国知网数据库20篇中文核心文献进行综述,希望为未来国内远程办公的本土化研究提供参考。     

Yugoslavia: tourism in a socialist federal state

This article presents an overall assessment of Yugoslavia's tourist industry and its evolution since the mid-1960s, including its impact on the Adriatic coast. The developing economic significance of the tourist trade for Yugoslavia is reviewed with particular reference to foreign exchange earnings. Data are presented to illustrate the origin, expenditure and accommodation of foreign tourists; and they highlight contemporary problems associated with the emergence of a largescale tourist infrastructure. Yugoslavia's tourist industry had matured by the mid-1980s—not without causing some problems of environmental deterioration. At the same time the population of the Dalmatian coast islands has declined despite the development of tourist facilities.     

Immunizing Foreign Exchange Contracts Against Swap Rate and Volatility Risks

Swap rate risk, also called the problem of' "maturity gaps," originates from foreign currency holdings whenever the involved contracts have differing maturities. Such differing maturities give rise to a sensitivity of the portfolio values with respect to the "swap rate," or differential between the relative interest rates in two countries. Volatility risk, which typically affects only currency contracts having asymmetric payoffs (such as currency options), gives rise to a sensitivity of portfolio values with respect to changes in the exchange rate volatility. In this article we show how currency portfolios may be immunized , or made insensitive, to both swap rate risk and volatility risk, in the sense of Macaulay's (1938) classical treatment of interest rate risk. The European currency option contract is the primary subject of our discussion, since we show that both ordinary forward contracts and other complicated currency contracts are equivalent to suitable combinations of European currency options.     

做好企业员工绩效考核的几点思考

本文从绩效考核过程要公开、透明、制定能考核不同岗位员工的统一标准、绩效考核要能客观的反映员工的工作效率和工作质量等三个方面来论述做好企业员工绩效的考核。