Research Note: The slow growth of foreign direct investment in the Soviet Union successor states

This note reviews the statistical evidence on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the countries of the former Soviet Union taking into account data from both host countries and countries of origin. The main characteristics of this FDI and its variation among the successor states of the Soviet Union are established. The contribution of FDI to economic transition is so far limited to some sectors and regions, and unlikely to accelerate in the near future.
JEL classification: F21, F23, P31.     

跨国零售企业母子公司知识转移机制——以沃尔玛为例

零售企业在跨国扩张过程中必然伴随母国知识的转移活动,而由于国情不同,在母公司发展起来的优势知识到了海外市场可能无法适应,知识的内隐程度和地区嵌入程度将影响零售知识的跨国转移效果。本文以沃尔玛为对象,通过研究其在华经营活动,从知识特性的角度分析了母子公司间的知识转移机制。研究发现:知识内隐程度的高低可以影响转移的媒介,地区嵌入程度的高低能够影响知识转移的深度及本土化程度。内隐程度高的知识倾向以人员作为转移媒介,通过人员媒介可以使隐性知识显性化,并逐渐固化成标准化的物件范式;内隐程度低的知识则倾向以物件作为转移媒介。地区嵌入程度高的知识,母公司仅转移知识架构,在华子公司自行建构知识具体内容,以本土化为主;地区嵌入程度低的知识,母公司同时转移知识架构和具体内容,以标准化为主;对那些地区嵌入程度正在降低的知识,可以在初步本土化探索的同时,实施收缩等待战略,待时机成熟再实施与母国相同的标准化转移策略。     

对外贸易与工薪差距：文献述评

本文梳理了对外贸易与工薪差距的有关文献。研究表明,技术进步和对外贸易都是引起工薪差距扩大的主要原因,发达国家工薪差距的扩大是与技术工人产业内就业的变化高度相关的,这与发达国家开展的外包活动（中间产品贸易）有关,发达国家对外贸易与工薪差距问题可以用FH框架下的SS定理而不是HO模型中的SS定理来解释。对中国而言,应该对一般贸易和加工贸易与工薪差距的关系分别进行研究。但是,HO模型中的SS定理和FH框架下的SS定理都不适合解释中国的加工贸易与工薪差距问题。目前能够解释中国加工贸易与工薪差距关系的理论研究还是空白。     

非英语专业大学生英语词汇磨蚀实证研究

本文基于150名在校大学生的词汇测试结果,采取定量研究的方法,结合《大学英语课程教学要求》中的参考词汇表,分析并对比了在校大学三四年级学生的词汇磨蚀程度。得出如下结论:①第二组和第三组受试对象(大三学生和大四学生)在结束两年大学英语学习后都经历了词汇磨蚀,并且大三学生的词汇磨蚀程度比大四学生的词汇磨蚀程度更高;②《大学英语课程教学要求》中的参考词汇表里的更高要求的词汇最易发生磨蚀,其次是较高要求的词汇,一般要求的词汇在受试对象的词汇体系中相对稳定。     

来华留学生突发事件处理机制的研究

随着中国经济的发展,留学生教育也随之发展起来,有越来越多的国外学生来华学习。近几年,留学生突发事件发生率不断增加,严重影响了学校正常教学管理工作的正常进行。通过对留学生突发事件的调研和分析发现留学生心理问题是导致突发事件发生的主要原因,建立完善的突发事件处理管理机制和科学的预防手段是留学生教育健康发展的重要保证,是维系高校稳定、社会和谐的重要因素。     

Export Performance of Brazilian States to Mercosul and Non-Mercosul Partners

ABSTRACT

We investigate the role of the trade-weighted real exchange rate and foreign income on the export performance of Brazilian states, differentiating between Mercosur and non-Mercosur partners. The results indicate that state exports are price and income inelastic. There are differences in the influence of the different trade factors between the two groups of partners. One crucial difference is the relevance of the real exchange rate effect for non-Mercosur partners. This might be associated with the existence of specific rules for Mercosur that can overcome the usual effect of relative competitiveness associated with movements in the real exchange rate.     

Market liquidity,private information,and the cost of capital: Market microstructure studies on family firms in Japan

We investigate cost of capital, information asymmetry, and market liquidity of listed family firms vs. non-family firms in Japan. First, we find that the cost of debt is lower and the cost of equity is higher for family firms than non-family firms, but the differences are not significant. The WACC of family firms becomes higher than that for non-family firms and the difference is significant probably because family firms in Japan use less leverage. Next, we find that the stocks of family firms are traded with higher information asymmetry than non-family firms. As for information asymmetry and illiquidity measures, we utilize the variables Adjusted PIN and Probability of Symmetric Order Flow Shocks (PSOS). Concomitantly we also estimate alternate conventional measures of market liquidity as a robustness check. Overall, the evidence on liquidity is somewhat mixed, while we find family firms show higher information asymmetry, which may affect cost of equity. As a final policy implication, we recommend family firms in Japan conduct more voluntary and timely disclosure, in particular, for the benefit of general stock investors, and may want to increase leverage to reduce the WACC.     

口岸城市的对外贸易发展与人口城镇化

腾冲开关后,金融业、交通运输业、邮电业等在原有的发展基础上都有所突破,第三产业逐渐发展起来,出现一些新现象和新事物。     

Small tourism business networks and destination development

This paper is based on ongoing research into networking between small tourism businesses and its contribution to destination development. The fieldwork is being carried out in a peripheral rural location. A detailed conceptual framework comprising of a literature review, background to an ongoing study and the methodology being implemented is discussed. The review finds an increased awareness of the importance of networks in mainstream business research, however, research within small tourism businesses is still underdeveloped. Furthermore, there is little or no direct research in terms of collective tourism business networks within a destination. Destination development research is also reviewed and particular consideration given to the rural context. Destination models are discussed with the recent chaos-based theories providing new understandings. Networks are established within the destination concept. Finally, the location for the data collection is discussed with a justification of the qualitative, in-depth interview approach.     

The foreign expansion of a service company: The case of ISS A/S

The internationalization of business increasingly is led by service sectors, particularly services based on highly skilled labour industries. This article explores a quite different range of services – those that employ low-skilled workers in labour-intensive services. The article is based on the case of ISS – International Service Systems – which over the past four decades has pursued an aggressive internationalization strategy. The article describes the foreign expansion history in the period from 1960 to the year 2000 that reflected the vision of top management in combination with the development of a unique business model. In order to explain its development, three theoretical frameworks are highlighted, and it is shown that the resource-based view offers a convincing frame of interpretation.