农村土地使用方式与收入满足度关系研究

通过收入满足度问卷调查数据分析,得到一个基本结论:在农村四种土地使用方式中,承包地转租收入满足度最高,承包地抛荒收入满足度最低。由此结论得到我国将来农村土地制度改革和农业现代化发展的基本思路。     

Considering the Business in Business Ethics: An Exploratory Study of the Influence of Organizational Size and Structure on Individual Ethical Predispositions

This paper explores the relationship between organizational size, structure and the strength of organization members' ethical predispositions. It is hypothesized that individuals in smaller, more flexible, organic organizations will display stronger ethical predispositions. Survey results from 209 individuals across eleven organizations indicate that contrary to expectations, larger, more rigid, mechanistic structures were associated with higher levels of ethical formalism and utilitarianism. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

农地确权中的证书作用：机制、条件及实证检验

研究目的:分析农地确权颁证的作用机制和条件,探讨已有文献中证书作用研究结论差异的原因。研究方法:文献分析。研究结果:(1)尽管学界对土地证书作用仍存较大争议,但认为"有效"的文献比例(67%)显著高于"无影响"和"负影响"的比例(27%和6%);研究分歧主要是由于研究地区、作用机制以及研究方法的差异所致。(2)证书作用机制中的经济效应大于社会效应,经济机制中的投资效应大于流转和信贷效应;一个重要原因是不同机制涉及的相关条件越多,证书发挥积极作用也就越困难。(3)无论是描述统计还是计量分析,肯定证书积极作用的比例(79%和75%)显著高于定性研究(56%);考虑内生性并进行稳健性检验等更严谨的计量分析中,认为证书有效的比例更大。研究结论:构建包含国家治理及其他相关条件的证书作用机制模型,探索证书作用的地区差异和国际比较是未来的重要研究方向。     

Bridging the gaps or fecklessness? A moderated mediating examination of intermediaries’ effects on corporate innovation

Intermediaries are frequently used as external institutions to bridge knowledge gaps and enlarge innovation search. Although there is a consensus that ties with intermediaries have a significantly positive impact on firms’ innovation performance since external knowledge sources are important to firms’ innovative activities, far less is known about how these intermediaries become effective drivers of corporate innovation. From the capacity-based view, this study proposes that intermediaries facilitate the development of dynamic capability which further causes remarkable innovation. A firm's dynamic capability acts as a mediator in the relationship between intermediaries and innovation performance. It is also observed that organizational structure formalization and strategic conformity negatively moderate the mediation effect. This proposed theoretical framework is proven by empirical results from a moderated mediation analysis using a sample of Chinese manufacturing firms.     

Formalization by the State,Re‐Informalization by the People: A Gecekondu Transformation Housing Estate as Site of Multiple Discrepancies

This article demonstrates residents' transformative practices and discusses attendant outcomes to contribute to an understanding of state‐built housing estates for people affected by urban transformation projects. It draws upon ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a social housing estate (K‐TOKI) in the Northern Ankara Entrance Urban Transformation Project (NAEUTP). It addresses questions on why formalization of informal housing takes place today, under what conditions it is countered by re‐informalization practices, and what the outcomes of this process are. As informal housing became formalized by NAEUTP, gecekondu dwellers were forced into formalized spaces and lives within K‐TOKI, which was based on a middle‐class lifestyle in its design and its legally required central management. Informality re‐emerged in K‐TOKI when the state's housing institution, in response to the estate's poor marketability, moved out, allowing residents to reappropriate spaces to meet their needs and form their own management system. When cultural norms that are inscribed in the built environment and financial norms that treat residents as clients conflict with everyday practices and financial capabilities, the urban poor increasingly engage in acts of informality. I argue that the outcome of this informality in a formal context is a site of multiple discrepancies.     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

Determinants of proactive innovative behaviour in new services: empirical investigation of service versus manufacturing firms

The research performs a complete analysis of the differences between services and products based on factors associated with the innovation process. The research analyses the factors/dimensions and their repercussions that determine firms' capacity to adapt to their environment and observes how the critical dimensions of the innovation process influence the gap generated by the difference in the firm's current level of innovation and the level developed by the competition. The results show that the client's participation in the process of innovation is greater in service firms that possess a larger innovation gap and are more proactive. The opposite is the case for formalization and decentralization, which occur in lower levels in this kind of firm. Further, decentralization and formalization are lower in service than in manufacturing firms.     

Personnel Formalization and the Enhancement Of Teamwork: A public–private comparison

Formalization has long been regarded as one of the most distinctive features of the public sector. Personnel systems in the public sector are particularly formalized due to merit system protections and strong due process requirements. In much of the contemporary public management literature, personnel formalization implies red tape, referring to excessive rules that bring negative outcomes such as employee frustration. The present study offers an alternative view, suggesting that personnel formalization results in high-performance work practices, particularly teamwork, by ensuring that organizations attract the right employees and provide employees with various protections such as worker safety, procedural justice and conflict resolution. Given that public organizations are structured more formally, public sector employees are more likely to work in teams than their peers in the private sector. The authors test this view by using variables from the National Organization Survey (NOS) data set and find strong statistical support. Therefore, personnel formalization is not necessarily equivalent to red tape and not always detrimental to the public sector. It enhances teamwork, a central element of high-performance work practices.     

风险决策逻辑的研究对象及性质

“风险决策逻辑”就是研究决策主体如何在复杂多变的风险情境下,巧妙进行推理,成功规避风险,获取最佳策略的科学,它以策略推理为具体的研究对象。根据风险决策逻辑所结合及应用的领域,本文认为风险决策逻辑具有形式与非形式的结合,是语用性质逻辑。     

ON URBAN RE-ARRANGEMENTS: A Suite in Five Movements

This movement introduces the ethos of the collective project: its conceptual and practical preoccupations. It focuses on our concern with urban processes on the cusp of change, in the midst of being re-arranged, and thus homes in on the various polyrhythms of intersections, how things come together and diverge, how possibilities open and close in urban contexts of continuously shifting horizons.