Rating mutual funds: Construction and information content of an investor-cost based rating of Danish mutual funds

We develop a new rating of mutual funds: the atpRating. The atpRating assigns crowns to each individual mutual fund based upon the costs an investor pays when investing in the fund in relation to what it would cost to invest in the fund's peers. Within each investment category, the rating assigns five crowns to funds with the lowest costs and one crown to funds with the highest costs.We investigate the ability of the atpRating to predict the future performance of a fund. We find that an investor who has invested in the funds with the lowest costs within an investment category would have obtained a risk-adjusted excess return that is approximately 3–4 percentage points higher per annum than if the funds with the highest costs had been invested in.We compare the atpRating with the Morningstar Rating. We show that one reason why the atpRating and the Morningstar Rating contain different information is that the returns Morningstar uses as inputs when rating funds are highly volatile whereas the costs the atpRating uses as inputs when rating funds are highly persistent. In other words, a fund that has low costs one year will most likely also have low costs the following year, whereas the return of a fund in a certain year generally contains only little information about the future return that the fund will generate.Finally, we have information on the investments in different mutual funds made by a small subgroup of investors known to have been exposed to both the atpRating and the Morningstar Rating. We find that investors have clear preferences for funds rated high by both the atpRating and the Morningstar Rating.     

什么决定了基金经理的更换

本文从实证角度分析了中国封闭式基金经理更换事件，通过将基金经理更换事件细分为升职、降职、正常调整和个人原因等四类子事件，分别考察了基金业绩与基金经理更换（降职或升职）之间的关系，并分析了作为投资者情绪代表性指标的基金折价率变化与基金经理更换之间的关系。研究发现，基金公司在更换业绩差的基金经理方面具有良好的内部治理机制，三种不同的业绩度量指标均能有效预测基金经理更换（降职）事件，但是无法预测基金经理升职事件。同时发现，基金折价率和折价变化无法解释基金经理更换事件。本文还发现，基金经理更换决策中的业绩评价周期偏短，且基金经理更换，特别是业绩差的基金经理被降职并不能完全改善基金业绩。     

全球私募基金的发展趋势及在中国的前景

私募基金发展已经对全球经济运行和金融市场发展产生了重要影响。本文通过对全球私募基金发展历程、发展特点以及发展趋势的分析,以及对中国私募基金市场发展历史与现状的评价,提出以下观点：在私募基金的演化与国际化扩张进程中,私募基金经营范围的综合化趋势愈加明显;中国私募基金市场仍是一个不对称的畸形市场,市场上尚缺乏真正意义的本土私募股权投资基金。本文同时得出以下结论：由于社会信用环境、法律环境已经趋好,证券市场日趋理性规范发展,中国私募基金市场的“不对称”和“不规范”的色彩将逐步减轻;私募股权投资基金将逐渐成为中国私募基金存在的重要方式。     

农村宅基地置换的若干问题

农村宅基地置换是农村集体土地制度的重大改革。实施这项改革需要一定的条件，具有很强的法规敏感性，涉及集体土地所有权权属关系的调整、政府与农民在利益追求上的平衡、失地农民的就业和“居保”，以及置换整理后的土地经营管理等问题，对此需要正确认识、稳步推进、审慎处理。     

Pension Plan Investment Management Mandates: An Empirical Analysis of Manager Selection

We examine the impact of several factors on the selection of portfolio managers for Australian pension plan mandates. Performance measures do not affect the probability of a mandate allocation. Pension sponsors tend to choose managers with top-quartile five-year performance who have recently beaten a market benchmark. Management expenses have a negative impact on a managers chances. A surprising result is sponsors tolerance for high portfolio trading costs. Mandates are spread across manager investment styles. The style and institutional attributes of preferred managers suggest trustees reputation and prudential concerns matter, particularly for the aggregate annual mandate allocations.     

Compensation Design and Career Concerns of Fund Manager

We develop an optimal incentive contract for the fund manager with career concerns. Drawing upon the framework of Gibbons and Murphy (1992), we restructure the performance of fund manager with emphasis on the multiplicative effect of previous effort on the latter period, and derive the positive cross-period linkage of fund managers efforts. In particular, our study derives that a greater first-periods effort by the fund manager will induce more second-period effort and greater compensation in either fixed or variable (performance-related) portion of the payment. Though the total performance related pay might increase as the result of greater effort in the previous period, we show that the pay-performance sensitivity in the second period will decline. Moreover, the initial wealth increase will motivate the fund manager to exert more effort and induce better performance, but decrease the pay-performance sensitivity in the second period.JEL Classification: G2, J33, J41     

电信改革背景下的普遍服务

实现电信普遍服务是缩小“数字鸿沟”的需要,同时也是促进经济欠发达地区发展的重要前提条件。我国电信产业改革后,普遍服务仍面临许多问题,如何有效解决这些问题意义重大。     

投资基金的虚拟资本性质研究

虚拟资本的概念源自于马克思，它有动员储蓄、优化资源配置、实施企业监管、便于风险管理以及促进商品和服务贸易的功能，有助于研究金融市场。本文探讨投资基金的虚拟资本的性质。投资基金自产生时就有乘数效应。投资基金的操作、定价、风险配置机制具有全部的虚拟资本的特点。本文指出投资基金市场的一些缺陷。     

统筹城乡发展问题的理论分析与路径选择

统筹城乡发展有其自身的特定内涵,任何背离这一特定内涵的思想与观点都是错误的。由于统筹城乡发展是针对城乡差距拉大而提出的,因而科学阐释城乡差距拉大的原因是非常必要的。重工业优先发展战略演变为城市居民优先享受的社会发展战略,进而又转变为城市优先配置资源的经济发展战略,是中国城乡差距拉大的根本原因。     

全球行业基金发展状况报告

近年来，国内基金已基本形成了类似国外较齐全的基金产品线。在现有法律框架下，国内基金可以创新的方向将进一步从原来的概念准绳，大统化向品种细分化、市场细分化的方向发展。行业基金在国外已经比较成熟，并且得到比较大的认同度，无疑是我国基金品种研发和发展的重要方向之一，本文基于全球视野，对行业基金的发展历史、特征、分布、策略等领域进行调查研究，以期对国内行业基金的发展提供比较有价值的参考。