降低大口径容积式流量计计量误差的探讨

国内原油长输管道交接计量大多采用大口径容积式流量计。尽管容积式流量计误差可控制在±0.2%以内,但受制造工艺和使用条件,以及流量计检定工况与交接工况的差异、油品物性参数变化等因素的影响,流量计的计量误差有时较大。以交接计量油量计算实例,探讨采用流量计系数修正的方法,降低容积式流量计的计量误差。     

China׳s information security standardization: Analysis from the perspective of technical barriers to trade principles

There have been many attempts for ICT standardization in China. Among them, this paper deals with information security standards. Although information security is often mentioned regarding China?s ICT standardization, it has been rarely examined per se. While most studies on China?s ICT standardization focus on economic aspects (e.g. increased bargaining power) or the government?s role, this paper draws on legal aspects. We select WAPI and ZUC for case studies, and examine their legal aspects, particularly from the perspective of WTO?s TBT (technical barriers to trade) principles. We have found that China?s standardization strategy becomes international-bound and, in fact, the manner in which the Chinese government handles standardization projects has become refined, flexible, and communicative with foreign stakeholders. We see that the changes are responses to the trade concerns raised by foreign stakeholders in various TBT Committee meetings and bilateral meetings. In addition, the Chinese government appears to become market-oriented even in the field of information security where it previously maintained a rigid stance on the ground of national security. This paper points out that the changes are attributed to growing external pressure from foreign governments and firms as well as to internal efforts toward innovation based on indigenous technology.     

中国货物贸易出口量的影响因素--基于引力模型的极值边界分析

对外贸易是拉动经济增长的三驾马车之一,我国出口贸易对经济的增长作用一直非常显著,因此对贸易出口量影响因素的深入研究十分必要。本文依据国际贸易理论,对贸易“引力模型”进行扩展,引入极值边界分析方法（Extreme Bounds Analysis , EBA ）,采用2003～2012年省际区域面板数据,对我国货物贸易出口量的影响因素进行实证检验,得出的结论是各省外商直接投资、进口额、工业产值、固定资产投资、税收收入、最终消费是我国货物贸易出口量的“稳健性（Robest ）”影响因素,并据此提出促进对外贸易发展相关政策建议。     

中国-东盟构建自由贸易区的理论分析--应用产业内贸易理论的研究

本文应用产业内贸易理论,构建模型来分析在规模经济和不完全竞争的条件下中国-东盟构建自由贸易区的贸易得益和损失。自由贸易的出发点和归宿是贸易利益及其分配,通过分析我们可以看出若能在相似的产业结构中进行恰当的产业内分工,推进双方产业内贸易的发展,则双方均能从扩大的区内贸易中得益。     

Unconstrained trade: The impact of EU cage bans on exports of poultry-keeping equipment

This study evaluates the impact of conventional cage bans for laying hens in the EU on exports of poultry-keeping equipment. Using detailed data on international trade in poultry-keeping equipment combined with an event study regression approach yields several new findings. The results suggest that the cage bans were associated with an increase in intra-EU trade, and also an increase in exports of poultry equipment from EU member states to non-EU countries where conventional cages are still permitted. The results suggest that some banned cages were likely exported to countries outside the EU to be used in egg production.     

New plant engineering techniques,R&D investment and international trade

New plant engineering techniques (NPETs) may significantly improve both production and quality of foods. Some consumers and regulators around the world might be reluctant to accept such products and the global market penetration of these products may remain low. We develop a parsimonious economic model for R&D investment in food innovations to identify conditions under which NPET technology emerges in the context of international trade. The framework integrates consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for the new food, the uncertainty of R&D processes, the associated regulatory cost of approval, and the competition between domestic and foreign products. With generic applicability, the model enables the quantitative analysis of new foods that could be introduced in markets and then traded across borders. We apply the framework to a hypothetical case of apples improved with NPETs. Simulation results suggest that import bans and high values of sunk cost can reduce R&D investment in NPETs to suboptimal levels.     

我国服务业产业内贸易水平与质量的实证研究

文章从静态和动态的角度,利用产业内贸易指数等方法,对1997-2011年我国服务业产业内贸易水平和质量进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,15年来我国服务业产业内贸易额呈现年均增速16%的趋势,我国服务业贸易模式以产业内贸易为主,其他模式为辅;而且多数服务部门产业内贸易水平较高,但资本和技术密集型的服务业部门产业内贸易特征却不明显;此外,我国服务业贸易正朝着“原生性”的方向发展,水平型因素所起的作用比垂直型因素更加明显。最后,文章提出了提升我国服务业产业内贸易水平和质量的政策建议。     

贸易自由化与贸易保护的均衡博弈

中国在改革开放以后贸易保护政策的演进更有其独特的背景和转型国家的特殊性,梳理其演进和变化的路径对未来我国贸易政策的合理性和有效性都可以提供必要的理论支撑。贸易政策是根据本国经济发展的阶段在贸易自由化和贸易保护之间进行理性选择的结果。     

天津在外资企业高出口率态势下扩大出口的对策

近年来，天津外商投资企业的出口占天津出口总额的比例一直在70％以上。这一比例高于外商投资企业出口占我国外贸出口总额的比例，外商投资企业高出口贡献率在对天津出口贸易产生重要影响的同时，也使天津的贸易结构、贸易方式、贸易主体及企业自主知识产权的形成受到了一定的制约。在外商投资企业出口贡献率持续升高的态势下，应调整出口贸易导向，制定深化天津外贸出口的政策。     

技术性贸易壁垒与合格评定程序

随着WTO和贸易自由化的发展，各国的关税水平大幅度降低，以及配额、许可证等非关税措施的逐步取消，大大促进了国际贸易的发展，技术贸易措施在国际贸易中的地位日益重要。合格评定程序是指任何直接或间接用以确定产品是否满足技术法规或标准要求的程序。合格评定程序是企业扩大对外出口、突破技术贸易壁垒的有效措施。