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51.
This paper examines the formation of bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) on the basis of country heterogeneity in the tariff level. We demonstrate that a country's unilateral incentive to form an FTA depends on the relative magnitudes of the (negative) market concession effect and the (positive) market expansion effect, both of which are determined by the tariff levels of the two FTA partner countries. Global welfare is maximised when all country pairs form FTAs. Two countries in equilibrium are more likely to form an FTA when their tariff gap is smaller or when their tariff levels are neither very high nor very low. This finding is robust to several extensions of the model. Our preliminary empirical analysis provides some evidence for the finding. 相似文献
52.
Shaianne T. Osterreich 《Journal of economic issues》2020,54(1):54-76
Abstract:Global commodity chains reflect and affect gendered labor markets. This article uses the Decent Work framework from the International Labour Organization to analyze employment outcomes for Indonesian workers in manufacturing. This research investigates trends in feminized manufacturing sectors in variously sized firms. Regression analyses is used to evaluate how firm characteristics related to global production sharing effect decent work outcomes for women and men, as well as female share of employment itself. The results suggest that exports and FDI affect men and women differently and that feminization and decent work outcomes depend on how the sector is positioned along the global value chain. 相似文献
53.
Martin Rhonheimer 《Economic Affairs》2015,35(1):35-51
Hayek's well‐known dismissal of the concept of ‘social justice’ is examined and questioned. While basically agreeing with Hayek's critique, the author argues that we should not entirely reject this concept, although it is often used in a vague and emotional way – ‘social justice talk’. Drawing on the tradition of classical liberalism and Catholic social teaching, he makes the case for the true meaning of social justice, which applies to the basic legal and institutional framework of a society rather than the distributional outcomes of market processes. 相似文献
54.
对于球形单层网壳结构进行考虑初始缺陷的几何非线性的有限元分析即荷载-位移全过程分析。 相似文献
55.
56.
Susan Fainstein 《International journal of urban and regional research》2015,39(1):157-167
The term resilience has become the popular formulation for plans that deal with preparedness for disaster. It implies adaptation rather than returning to a pre‐crisis state. Its use has been extended from environmental events to social and economic crises. Its fault is that it obfuscates underlying conflict and the distribution of benefits resulting from policy choices. Development of resilience policies is cloaked in complicated models showing complexity and indeterminacy. Marxist analysis provides insights that cut through the failure of these models to assign agency, but it does not offer approaches short of revolution to assist present‐day planning. The conclusion of the essay presents strategies that can lead to greater justice in planning to cope with the impacts of devastating events. 相似文献
57.
James R. Markusen 《International Journal of Economic Theory》2021,17(1):6-19
Ronald Jones made seminal contributions to general‐equilibrium theory, moving away from an emphasis on the existence of equilibrium to algebraic formulations which enabled us to characterize key relationships between parameters and variables, such as that between tariffs and domestic factor prices and welfare. But the analysis remained limited in value for policy evaluation: the analysis was local, it provided only qualitative results, it was limited to very small models, and strictly interior solutions had to be assumed. The contribution of this paper is largely pedagogic and methodological. I show how the tools and approach pioneered by Jones can be generalized via the use of duality, complementarity and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker theorem into a global, quantitative analysis of large changes in high‐dimensional models which also allows for regime changes and corner solutions. I then show how the resulting nonlinear complementarity problem directly translates into a numerical model using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). 相似文献
58.
戴翔 《经济理论与经济管理》2020,39(5):47-61
本文基于世界银行发布的历年营商环境报告相关数据,从OECD ICIO提供的基础数据测算结果的基本事实出发,理论阐释了营商环境对攀升全球价值链的影响及可能机制。以此为理论先导,进一步利用跨国面板数据的计量检验发现:第一,营商环境优化的确对价值链分工地位具有显著正向作用;第二,上述正向作用不仅来自营商环境优化直接效应,而且还通过价值链迁移、创新活动激发、贸易条件改善等中介作用形成间接效应。据此,打造国际一流营商环境对促进中国攀升全球价值链具有重要支撑作用。 相似文献
59.
Thomas Leclercq Ingrid Poncin Wafa Hammedi Avreliane Kullak Linda D. Hollebeek 《Journal of Marketing Management》2020,36(5-6):550-577
ABSTRACTWhile online communities may enhance firm performance, they commonly fail to retain members. To address this challenge, scholars and managers call for the use of gamification. However, despite gamification’s growing use in online communities, insight into its effect on member experience and behaviours remain limited. We hypothesise that gamification affects member-perceived distributive and procedural justice. In experimental studies, we assess the impact of in-gamification perceived justice on member contributions. We find that while high in-gamification perceived procedural justice acts as a necessary prerequisite for member contributions, high distributive justice can reduce game-related uncertainty, thereby rendering gamified practices less fun, particularly for low-engaged community members that tend to value rewards. We add to the literature by (a) pinpointing the core role of perceived justice in the persistence of online communities, and (b) unveiling that high distributive justice can lead gamification to backfire in online communities by affecting member experience and contributions. 相似文献
60.
This study examined how employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) influenced their affective organizational commitment (AOC) via procedural justice and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). Using survey data collected from 203 employees working for a hospitality company, hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The results showed that economic and philanthropic CSR did not have significant effects on procedural justice, but had significant direct effects on AOC. The findings also showed that procedural justice had a significant effect on OBSE, and both procedural justice and OBSE had significant effects on AOC. In addition, the results suggested that ethical CSR programs can have a positive impact on employees’ AOC via their procedural justice and OBSE. This study contributed to the literature by developing a CSR-procedural justice-OBSE-AOC model, guided by social exchange and self-consistency theories, and empirically testing it within a hospitality context. 相似文献