Utilization-focused performance reporting

How best to define performance measures is a much-debated issue. Mismatches between goals and indicators can lead to distortions that undermine impact-oriented steering. This article presents a model of goal and indicator development and explains its applicability, benefits and limitations.     

中国地方政府投资对城镇化的影响--基于动态面板模型的经验分析

以我国1994-2011年的省份面板数据为例,采用广义矩估计方法,实证考察了我国地方政府投资与城镇化发展的动态关系。结果显示,整体而言,我国地方政府投资显著地提升了城镇化水平;按照东、中、西三大区域分类估计后发现,地方政府投资对城镇化发展的促进效果具有区域差异效应--地方政府投资对东部地区的城镇化发展拉动最大,中部居中,西部最小。     

Convergence Rates to Output Growth in a Global World: The Roles of Openness and Government Size

In this article, we examine the effects of three openness measures on 54 industrial and emerging economies' output growth over the “globalization years” of 1986–2004. Controlling for standard determinants of the Solow growth model in panel data, we find positive effects of openness on real output growth. While we find support for higher convergence rates under the open economy, the convergence rates in this article for both samples are remarkably close to the 2% level documented in Mankiw et al. (1992) Mankiw, G., Romer, D. and Weil, D. 1992. A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2): 407–437. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. The inclusion of G/Y, however, reduces the speed of convergence more substantially in industrial economies.     

政府融资平台的经济效应与风险防范

近些年来我国地方政府融资平台发展迅速,平台数量和贷款规模均呈现较快增长态势,其在应对国际金融危机冲击、促进地方经济发展的过程中发挥了重要的积极作用。但是,由于外部体制不顺、内部运营不规范等综合原因,地方政府融资平台面临着法律风险、财政风险和金融风险等诸多挑战。在改革和完善融资平台建设的过程中需要各项政策多管齐下,积极探索和发展地方政府融资的替代渠道,加快现有平台企业的清理整顿和规范发展,尽快建立系统科学的风险预警机制和信用评级制度。     

捐赠行为、政府干预与代理效率

本文分析了公司捐赠行为对代理效率的作用机理,发现捐赠支出越多越能缓解现金流用于管理者利己效用支出,代理效率越高、政府干预越少则市场化进程更高、代理效率越高;比较而言,政府干预少的地区企业捐赠支出更能提高代理效率,衰退期行业中同样的捐赠支出提升代理效率的功效有限;规模较小组中捐赠行为更容易被市场识别,规模较大组中捐赠行为更多地被视为一种社会责任。因此,捐赠支出有助于缓解自由现金流代理成本,有助于公司代理效率的改善;现实中捐赠减少现金流的同时提高了公司的代理效率和声誉,利于当前或未来公司价值的提升。     

The elusive effect of bank size on profits

This study investigates the determinants of bank profit while paying particular attention to the influence of market share on profit, referred as the market share effect. The research seeks to answer the question whether the market share effect is conditional upon four country institutional factors including concentration ratio, bank regulations, the government's governance and country wealth, and is thus better in explaining the mixed results in the literature. This study employs comprehensive data of 44 countries from 1998 to 2004. The results show that market share positively influences profit when no country institutional factors are considered, but further strengthened in countries that are characterized by high concentration ratios, high restrictions on bank activities in insurance and real estate, good investor protection and a strong rule of law.     

Occupational accidents in the Finnish local government sector: Utilisation of national statistics

Occupational accidents in the Finnish local government sector in 2004 are analysed by gender, age and occupation class in order to identify particular risk groups. The accident data are compared with data concerning the number of employees, using frequency distributions and accident incidence rates. The possibilities of providing occupation class-specific accident incidence rates are also discussed. According to the results, commuting accidents are more common and severe in the local government sector than in general in Finland. In the local public sector occupational accidents more often involved women than men. Compared to other age groups and occupational classes, occupational accidents are more common in the age band of 45–54 and in the occupational class of medical and nursing work. However, compared to the employees' data, men and younger employees had an increased workplace accident risk, while women and older employees had an increased risk of commuting accidents. The highest accident incidence rate was in farming and animal husbandry work. Currently, the calculation of occupation class-specific accident incidence rates is difficult. Improving the consistency of the occupation classifications used in the various data sources would facilitate more reliable calculation of rates.     

中国现行土地管理制度的反思与重构

研究目的：分析“世界上最严格的土地管理制度”在中国失灵的原因,并细致分析指标式计划管理模式的弊端。研究方法：实证法,规范分析法。研究结果：现行土地管理制度是以牺牲农民土地发展权为代价的,并且没有对已经变化了的中央与地方关系保持必要的敏感,所以带来了城市肆意扩张、耕地不断减少、国有土地收益不断流失等问题。研究结论：未来的改革应着力打破国家对土地供给的高度垄断,在实现集体土地与国有土地的产权平等和产权明晰的基础上,以比例原则为指导进行制度重构。     

审计独立、威慑效应与财政信息公开

审计独立是国家审计发挥预防、揭示、抵御等“免疫系统”功能的必要条件,国家审计是推动地方财政信息公开,实现地方治理现代化的重要路径。构建一个审计部门与地方政府的Stackelberg博弈模型分析审计独立对地方政府财政信息公开行为的影响,在此基础上,利用审计机关人财物省级统管“准自然实验”和2013—2020年295个城市的面板数据,采用双重差分法进行实证检验。研究发现：审计独立显著提升了地方财政透明度;对于市场化程度高、自然资源依赖程度低和财政自主度高的城市,审计独立对财政透明度的改善效应更显著;审计独立推动地方财政信息公开主要通过威慑效应体现。进一步分析还表明,审计独立在提升财政透明度方面还存在地区间横向收敛效应和审计监督与社会监督协同效应。研究为我国推进审计管理体制改革提高国家审计独立性提供证据支撑,为推动地方财政信息公开提供了新的改革着力点。     

政府投资项目科学决策问题研究

目前,因为政府投资项目决策的非理性,形成了一些"伪为民工程",不但浪费了政府有限的经济资源,而且降低了政府的信用。究其原因,与政府投资项目决策缺乏监督、缺乏理性、缺乏责任约束和政绩导向偏差是分不开的。要杜绝这些"伪为民工程",需要强化为民办事的意识,完善对决策的有效监督,建立不可行性研究和后评价机制,建立健全决策失误的责任追究制度。