后税费时代的农村公共产品供给机制创新——基于政府、市场与村民自治组织的分工与合作

全面取消农业税后,农村的部分公共产品供给陷入了困境。农村公共产品缺乏的主要原因是供给机制的缺失,其中重要的因素是农村公共产品供给责任不清以及供给模式单一。本文从政府、市场与村民自治组织的分工与合作的角度阐述了如何清楚划分各级政府在农村公共产品供给中的职责和范围以及如何将私人部门和非营利性组织引入到农村公共产品供给中来,实现政府和市场的合作。     

Regulations for the Eighth International Congress of Actuaries

Abstract

The present paper proposes and investigates a procedure for numerical evaluation of the transition probabilities for a time-inhomogeneous Markov process when the intensities are known (estimated). The procedure is based on Taylor-expansion of the transition probabilities linked with the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations.     

有色金属矿井绿色照明实践

文章通过实例介绍了在有色金属矿井中实施绿色照明的必要性、有利条件、注意事项、产生的效果。     

延安市姚店工业区绿地系统环境景观规划设计

设计依托结合姚店工业区总体规划,在充分考虑现有自然条件的前提下,挖掘当地工业历史和文化,营建与新区发展相适应的具有文化内涵并突出生态型的绿地环境景观系统。为工业区可持续发展打造坚实的物质和文化基础。     

New product development in foreign customer relationships: a study of international SMEs

Abstract

This study identifies a gap in research concerning how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can benefit from pursuing locally (rather than globally) oriented internationalization strategies. Becoming overly dependent on one single foreign market could potentially reduce the inflow and diversity of new knowledge that can serve as input for new product development. This study discusses how this risk can be minimized. In this endeavour we create a theoretical model that investigates how the local sales concentration and relationship-specific commitment of SMEs relates to new product development. To do this we draw on the behavioural internationalization process framework. The theoretical model is tested on an effective sample of 188 Swedish SMEs. The results show that relationship-specific commitment mediates the effect of local sales concentration on new product development. The implication is that investments which enable collaboration in important business relationships are crucial requisites for keeping firms innovative and in pace with market fluctuations. The findings thus contribute to international business literature by showing that a local market scope of operations combined with a relationship orientation are beneficial for new product development in international SMEs.     

The Practicality of Super Bowl Advertising for New Products and Companies

Abstract

Companies that advertise during the Super Bowl can reach 40 million U.S. households with a 30-second commercial spot, but the cost can exceed $2 million. This research examines Nielsen television ratings and expenses for related commercial spots and suggests that the Super Bowl is not always the best site for introducing new companies or products to the marketplace. ANOVA test results indicate that younger companies may better affect purchase decisions by advertising more frequently during less expensive programming slots.     

Convenience,Price, Product

Abstract

This study examines the factors motivating consumers' purchases of specialty food and beverage products via the Internet. While convenience is often cited as a motivating factor, price and product selection have also been identified. This study considered convenience in terms of time, space, and effort. It also identifies several specific sub-categories for price and products. Among respondents who had made a recent online purchase, convenience-related issues were most frequently cited as being relevant to the purchase decision. Product-related factors were important for nearly one-third of the respondents. Price was of relatively little importance.     

Advertainment

Abstract

This essay explores the issues implicated by entertainment vehicles created solely to spotlight specific advertisers. From the contemporary exemplar of this paradigm in the highly successful 1990-1998 “Sophisticated Taste” campaign for Taster's Choice(r) instant coffee, in which viewers watched the sparks fly between the characters of Tony and Sharon in a continuing series of ads that functioned as television programming across multiple media platforms, to the most recent incarnation in advergames, online computer games that promote brands, this study considers the nature and implications of perhaps the ultimate evolution of product placement and blurring of the lines between entertainment and commercial persuasion.     

服务创新视角下的业务延伸研究

同质化中间产品的竞争为企业实施业务延伸创造了机会。业务延伸是一种服务创新过程控制策略,基于产品层次模型,对业务延伸进行了定义,从顾客价值等式角度探讨了业务延伸的实施条件。构建了消费者剩余模型,分析了材料损耗率和加工效率对消费者剩余的影响。研究表明,业务延伸能实现产品创新和服务差异化,增强完全产品竞争力,最大化消费者剩余,强化客户合作关系。