基于价值工程的绿色建筑投资决策研究

绿色建筑是降低我国建筑能耗、促进可持续发展的必要选择。而投资决策方法是否得当直接影响着开发商对绿色建筑的选择与否。文章指出了传统财务分析只考虑直接经济效益而忽略建筑全寿命成本的不合理性,初步建立了基于价值工程的投资决策系统,为企业提供了一套简易可行的绿色建筑投资决策方法。     

高寒生态脆弱地区城市绿色工业选择与布局研究——以拉萨市为例

绿色工业是产业升级与转型的产物,是在新形势下保证城市可持续发展的新途径。尤其在我国高寒生态脆弱地区,还处于工业化的初级阶段,如何平衡经济与环境的协调发展便成为了首要问题。以拉萨为例,试图就高寒生态脆弱地区的城市绿色工业选择与布局展开论述与研究。从自然资源利用和环境影响评价两方面出发,运用层次分析法对绿色工业发展进行选择;同时对城市工业用地进行适宜性评价,并建立绿色工业空间敏感度指标体系,利用空间多层次叠合分析对工业布局进行定位,进而引导绿色工业的空间布局。     

Where have all the flowers gone? Forecasting green trends in the automobile industry with a choice-based conjoint adoption model

With rising gas prices, global warming, and green thinking, all-electric vehicles are currently considered the automobile technology of the future. However, besides their advantages electric drive trains also exhibit several disadvantages. Moreover, history shows several failed attempts to establish electric vehicles. Thus, a reliable forecasting model is needed that predicts if the current trend is sustainable. We develop and empirically test a choice-based conjoint adoption model that uses individual-level preferences as a basis for prediction. Predictions are mapped to the time of the next planned purchase in order to establish the adoption process. The model extends existing research in several ways. First, no prior information, e.g., historical market data or a functional form of the adoption process, has to be integrated. Second, the model allows dynamic modifications of product specifications or competition at different points in time. Third, a no-choice option can be integrated so that a technology switch is not forced by the model itself and switching costs can be considered. The empirical results reveal different critical factors for the adoption of all-electric vehicles, such as purchase price, range, timing of the market entry, or environmental evolution, which could lead to a solid base of consumers preferring this option.     

The interaction effect of strategic orientations on new product performance in the high-tech industry: A nonlinear model

Innovation and market orientation are two strategic orientations or business philosophies that can guide a company in its business activities. Although the interaction effect of these two strategic orientations is conceptually recognized as a critical factor for new product's success, empirical results are mixed. This paper examines this issue in terms of innovation orientation, two types of market orientations (responsive and proactive), and new product performance. Based on a sample of 107 high-tech firms, the results of this study show that the interaction between innovation orientation and two types of market orientation yields different patterns of nonlinear responses for new product performance. Specifically, new product performance, when derived from the interaction between innovation orientation and responsive market orientation, is in the form of an inverted U, i.e., the interaction effect is contributory to firm performance until an optimal level is reached, and then the effect becomes detrimental thereafter. However, new product performance derived from innovation orientation and proactive market orientation is in the form of a U, i.e., the interaction effect is detrimental to firm performance until a threshold level is reached and then the effect becomes contributory thereafter. The different patterns of new product performance indicate that the costs and organizational learning effects of these two strategic orientation interactions are dissimilar. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

基于低碳经济视角的绿色旅游发展模式研究

绿色旅游奉行的是可持续发展之路,可以促使旅游资源得到有效保护,实现旅游者与旅游地居民之间的良好沟通。基于低碳经济视角的绿色旅游发展模式是可持续发展思想在旅游产业发展中的实践,是将现有的整体上比较粗放的旅游发展方式,逐渐转移到低碳、环保的发展道路上来。在低碳经济的背景下,本文建立一个多主体博弈模型,通过模型描述政府、市场、社会三方主体的行为激励以及求解最佳行为均衡策略,从而揭示出基于低碳经济视角的绿色旅游发展模式过程中存在的问题,以及各经济主体采取有效措施和行为激励之间相互作用的规律。     

中美木质林产品产业内贸易的实证研究——基于1992—2009年的进出口贸易数据

采用UNcomtrade数据库的中美木质林产品贸易数据,利用G-L指数、G-L修正指数、Aquino指数、Brülhart边际产业内贸易指数及Thom&McDowell水平型和垂直型产业内贸易指数,对1992—2009年中美木质林产品产业内贸易的水平和结构进行实证分析。结果表明:中美木质林产品产业内贸易水平总体较低,贸易方式仍以产业间贸易为主;中美木质林产品贸易的增长由产业间贸易和产业内贸易共同引发;产业内贸易方式以垂直型产业内贸易为主。     

农户生产无公害蔬菜的技术效率及其影响因素分析——基于山东寿光无公害黄瓜和西红柿生产的调查

根据2008年对山东寿光样本农户生产无公害黄瓜和西红柿的调研数据,运用数据包络分析法和随机前沿分析法测算了其生产的技术效率,分析了农户生产无公害蔬菜的技术效率的影响因素。结果表明:农户生产无公害蔬菜的平均技术效率低,主要原因是部分要素投入过剩和规模不经济;获取科技信息和建立稳定的销售渠道对提高农户生产无公害蔬菜的技术效率有显著的正效应;利用两种测算方法所得的结果具有一致性。     

我国畜产品价格波动分析——基于ARCH类模型

运用ARCH类模型对我国主要畜产品的价格波动率进行了分析。结果表明:牛肉、羊肉和鸡肉的价格波动具有显著的波动积聚性,鸡蛋价格波动没有显著的异方差效应;除牛肉市场外,羊肉和鸡肉市场不具有高风险、高回报的特征;猪肉、牛肉、羊肉和鸡肉的价格波动没有非对称性。认为应在畜产品市场出现大的价格波动时及时采取平抑措施,且政府需规范畜产品市场秩序、完善畜产品市场制度。     

竞争战略与技术创新关系的实证研究

以272家江苏省民营制造企业为研究对象,实证研究了企业的竞争战略与技术创新的关系。研究发现:实施低成本战略的企业进行工艺创新和产品创新的倾向均不明显,实施差异化战略的企业倾向于进行产品创新,实施混合战略的企业进行工艺创新和产品创新的倾向都明显,且实施强度显著高于实施低成本战略和差异化战略的企业;总体来看,所有企业的工艺创新强度都要高于其产品创新强度,产品创新强度整体偏低,这意味着企业转型升级的重点应放在产品创新上。     

中美汽车产业内贸易实证分析

产业内贸易水平越来越成为一国对外贸易竞争力及产业国际竞争力的一项重要指标。近年来,尽管中美汽车贸易发展迅速,但产业内贸易水平却较低。根据联合国商品贸易数据库数据,估算中美汽车产业内贸易指数,考察中美汽车产业内贸易的发展程度,剖析中美汽车产业内贸易的特征。研究得出:中国的产业内贸易总额超过产业间贸易,但产业内贸易水平仍低于美国;中美汽车产业内贸易产品的平均出口单价较低,平均进口单价较高,中国政府应引导汽车企业增大技术投入、引进国际领先技术、加强技术创新与产品研发。