铁路运输客货管理机制的探讨

随着我国加入WTO和铁路全面参与运输市场竞争,必须尽快构建适应市场需求的铁路客货管理的动力机制和运作机制,以激发企业和员工搞好营销的内在活力,同时要构建铁路客运和货运的服务质量评价指标,以及相应的质量监督和考核管理办法,做到各项管理活而不乱、管而不死,使铁路客货运输服务质量不断提高,以满足不断增长的经济和社会发展需要。     

新财务清算政策下提高铁路城际列车效益的思考

近年来,铁路短途城际客运得到了很大的发展,开行城际列车已成为铁路运输企业新的经济增长点。新财务清算政策实施后,开行城际列车的效益受到一定程度的影响,针对存在的问题,就如何提高其效益水平进行了讨论。提出了完善开行结构、增加营业收入、减少客运付费、降低成本支出等建议措施。     

The European high-speed train network: Predicted effects on accessibility patterns

The principal aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the future European high-speed train network on accessibility, by reducing time distance between places and modifying their relative location. We compare the current situation with that foreseen for the year 2010, according to the Outline Plan of the European High-Speed Train Network, in order to analyse which areas will most benefit from construction and improvement of the infrastructure. It is hypothesized that the high-speed train will certainly bring the peripheral regions closer to the central ones, but will also increase imbalances between the main cities and their hinterlands. A weighted average distance indicator is applied for this purpose. This measure identifies the spatial distribution of accessibility in the area of study, emphasizing the infrastructure effects, and locates accessibility changes at the European level. A Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used to carry out this study.     

基于TOD理念的轨道交通站点更新潜力评价

在我国城市发展空间日益减少、存量用地潜力亟待挖掘的大背景下,以公共交通为导向的TOD发展模式为城市更新带来了新的动力和思路。基于TOD规划理论的原理和内涵,构建了由土地属性、交通条件和更新成本等多元因子所构成的评价指标体系;采取熵权法和层次分析法相结合的组合赋权方式用以确定指标因子的权重;利用可逼近理想解的TOPSIS法对轨道交通站点的更新潜力进行定量测算,并通过自然断点法对各站点更新潜力大小进行分级。     

公路建设项目融资及投资评价

目前我国干线公路仍然存在着高等级公路特别是高速公路数量明显不足、地区发展严重不平衡等诸多问题。国民经济对于现代化公路设施的需求日益增长,公路建设资金短缺成为制约我国公路发展的关键因素。公路建设项目根据融资特征可分为非经营性和经营性项目,其融资方式也不同。本文主要论述了公路建设项目融资方式及投资项目的评价方法。     

公路工程质量管理探讨

文章介绍了公路工程项目质量的内涵，分析了影响公路工程质量的主要因素，在此基础上就如何提高公路工程质量提出了具体的措施。     

探讨无人值守自动发卡机在高速公路收费站的应用

目前,我国高速公路网络发展迅速,给人们带来交通便利的同时,也产生了许多问题。如何提高对高速公路各路段的综合管理水平,充分发挥路网中各高速公路之间快捷、畅通的通行优势,最大限度地降低人为干扰因素,已成为摆在高速公路管理者面前的一项新的研究课题。为此,尽快实现联网收费成为交通管理部门的重要工作目标之一。文章从工程应用的角度,对当前高速公路收费站应用无人值守自动发卡机工作流程的特点和通信过程中可能遇到的问题进行详细分析。     

甩挂运输经济效益的定量计算

从实现甩挂运输经济效益的概念理解、前提条件、定量计算和辩证思考四个方面对其进行探讨,其中重点是通过将甩挂运输与普通的公路运输组织形式进行比较来定量计算其经济效益,即甩挂运输所创造的相对高于普通公路运输的经济效益。具体将甩挂运输的经济效益分作车辆购置与运营固定成本效益、车辆运用效益、装卸转运与包装成本效益、运输站场成本效益、人力成本效益、其他效益六个方面,参照了集装化运输的经济效益计算方法,通过与普通公路运输经济效益作差算得。通过将甩挂运输的经济效益内容分类并进行定量计算,以达到对其更具体深入的认识,为进一步提高经济效益提供更有针对性的参考。     

淮钢企业物流发展存在的问题及应对策略

通过对淮钢企业物流运行现状的实地调研,明确企业物流发展的特点及存在的问题,并在综合分析沙钢集团淮钢特钢股份有限公司(以下简称淮钢)内外部物流环境现状的基础上,从建立物流组织、集成物流信息、构建电子商务平台、加强与沙钢的资源整合、推进与淮安新港的战略合作等方面对淮钢物流系统发展规划提出具体的意见措施。     

Children aged 9-14 living in disadvantaged areas in England: Opportunities and barriers for cycling

The aim of this paper is to take a holistic perspective to explore levels of cycling and opportunities and barriers to increase children’s safer cycling in disadvantaged areas in England. The study was one part of a larger study which explored the factors underlying the high level of road traffic casualties especially among children in the most disadvantaged areas of England and to explore how this impacts on mobility and quality of life. The methods involved a cross sectional survey comprising school based questionnaire surveys with children aged 9-14 and focus groups with parents who had children within this age range. The surveys were conducted in 2007 and the focus groups during 2008. 4286 children completed the survey and eight focus groups were held. Bike ownership (77%) was high, use in previous week moderate (39%) but only 2% cycled to school. Ownership was significantly lower in minority ethnic groups. Despite young children’s strong preference to travel by cycle (30%) than walk or go by car, most parents felt it was too hazardous. It is unlikely that these findings would be any different from the rest of England, however the combination of environmental and social factors may elevate the risks for young cyclists in these areas. This paper concludes that a number of barriers exist to increasing levels of cycling among children living in disadvantaged areas particularly amongst ethnic groups. These barriers could be addressed by environmental modifications to reduce speeds and by reducing the levels of antisocial driving and riding in residential areas and around destinations where children travel, by providing cycle training to improve children’s skills and parent’s confidence, and by providing secure storage facilities for bikes. Until these barriers are addressed it is unlikely that cycling will increase despite the strong preferences children have to travel by bike. Such preferences to cycle provide an opportunity for local authorities to act on.