带时间限制的最小费用运输问题的网络流解法

研究了带时间限制的最小费用运输问题,在分析了运量与运输时间关系的基础上,把运输时间划分成与运量无关和与运量有关的两部分;进一步根据已知的运输时间与运量的函数关系,把带时间限制的最小费用运输问题转化为最小费用最大流问题,给出了求解该问题的方法,并通过实例进行了计算。     

我国丝绸之路经济带物流设施效率分析--基于DEA 模型的M almqusit指数方法

“道路联通”既是实现丝绸之路经济带“贸易畅通”的基础保障,也是实现“民心相通”、“货币流通”和“政策沟通”并最终实现区域经济一体化和社会文化融合的助推器。采用DEA模型的M almqusit指数分析法对我国丝绸之路经济带物流设施效率进行了分析。分析得出结论：贸易环境负向变化是造成我国丝绸之路经济带交通基础设施效率下降的主要原因;提高经济带物流设施对经济的贡献不应只关注新增交通基础设施,更应关注现有物流设施的运营效率;为提高经济带交通基础设施的整体效率,今后交通基础设施建设的区域结构应倾向于陕西、江苏、山西、安徽等仍存在物流设施规模效率的省份。     

多市场接触与市场竞争行为——以中国民航运输业为例

多市场接触竞争理论考虑了同一企业在不同市场的竞争行为的关联性,大量来自西方市场的研究证明多市场接触可导致企业在竞争中"相互容忍",降低市场竞争的激烈程度.参照这些研究方法,本文运用中国国内主要定期航线市场数据,计算出航线多市场接触指数,并进行回归分析.结果显示,尽管中国国内航线市场多市场接触程度较高,但对市场竞争的实际影响微弱.研究还发现管制制度是影响中国航空公司竞争战略的重要因素.     

From passenger growth to aircraft movements

Airlines are able to deal with passenger growth by either increasing the frequency or the aircraft size, which may entail different numbers of aircraft movements. Forecasting the latter is necessary for evaluating technologies, approaching future emissions or anticipating capacity constraints. Purpose of this paper is to forecast a typical fleet mix and the growth of aircraft movements on flight segments worldwide based on an assumed passenger growth. The methodology is implemented in a model called Forecast of Aircraft Movements. Basic approach is the assignment of each flight segment worldwide to a distance, passenger number and aircraft category. For each combination of distance and passenger numbers a typical fleet mix is defined. The forecasted worldwide growth of passenger demand and the empirically determined fleet mix is applied to all segments in order to derive a future scenario. Assuming a certain seat load factor, the frequency growth can be deduced from the aircraft movements generated for all segments. The paper includes a forecast for aircraft movements in a future scenario based on real schedule and passenger data and gives a detailed overview of the methodology and results considering airlines' behaviour.     

基于WebGIS的高速公路气象信息服务系统研究

基于Super Mapi Client/i Server,探索了高速公路气象信息服务系统的设计方法与开发技术。提出了三层B/S系统结构、功能模块化、HTML5+CSS3+Java Script界面设计组合、空间数据库引擎+关系数据库系统的系统设计方案,开发实现了气象实况信息查询、气象信息预警服务、气象信息统计,路径导航等服务功能,为公众驾车安全出行提供了便捷的信息服务平台。     

Low carbon transport strategy in Europe: A critical review

ABSTRACT

The purposes of this article are to depict ongoing trends regarding the transport system in Europe, to introduce readers to the challenges that Europe (and the rest of the world) will face in the future, to show which strategies Europe plans to deploy to mitigate the negative impacts the transport system imposes on the overall system, and finally to discuss the potential of these suggested strategies to contribute to the objectives of the European Union in the long run.     

Encouraging behavioural change towards sustainable tourism: a German approach to free public transport for tourists

Constantly growing transport demand by tourists within holiday destinations and related increases in CO₂ emissions have helped foster a new trend amongst German destinations towards promoting a green transportation mode for vacationers. A key innovation is the “Gästeticket” or Guest Ticket concept, which offers tourists free public transport, on buses and trains, within defined destination areas throughout their stay. This paper describes the background to this concept, and the many different ways in which it has been created, designed, implemented and administered. A qualitative research methodology interviewed key public and private sector stakeholders, including local and regional politicians, accommodation providers, public transport providers and public transport authorities to identify favourable starting conditions, successful financial and institutional implementation strategies, and both supporters and opponents of guest tickets. Local politicians and many small accommodation providers opposed the concept, while regional and national politicians supported it, as did public transport providers and public transport authorities. The concept is compared to the more holistic Alpine Pearls concept founded in Austria, and the case made for better explanation of the Guest Ticket concept to its opponents, better marketing, further research and closer cooperation between transport providers and planners with tourism attractions and accommodation providers.     

Short-haul city travel is truly environmentally sustainable

With rising interest in and concern about climate change and environmental sustainability, and the significance of the tourism industry worldwide, the impact of tourism-related activities and behaviors on the environment has become a key area of research. In particular, transport related to tourism has come under scrutiny for its contribution to the ecological footprint of tourism of a destination, mostly accounted for by the dominance of air travel. This study contributes to research in this area by identifying the types of travel situations in which tourists make environmentally friendly choices about travel modes and, consequently, which types of tourism destinations should seek to develop and promote in order to minimize the environmental impact of the tourist sector on both an individual destination and global scale.     

Reducing visitor car use in a protected area: a market segmentation approach to achieving behaviour change

This research uses a market segmentation approach to reducing transport-related environmental burdens from visitors, while maintaining economic benefit. The approach was tested in the Lake District National Park (UK). It aimed first to explore visitor transport behaviour using a social psychological framework, to understand what might best predict desired behaviour change (i.e. reduced visitor car use). Second, it developed and tested different types of marketing messages to reduce car use, based on persuasive communication theory, establishing marketing propositions appropriate to different visitor types and market segments. Third, it identified market segments with both a high propensity towards positive behavioural change and the highest economic contribution to the destination. The work is based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour and on persuasive communication. Three hundred and ninety completed questionnaires were obtained. The paper emphasises the importance of context in successful communication to influence behaviour and shows that a market segmentation approach to behavioural change can be successful. Complex patterns of visitor mobility and modal choice emerge. For example “New Explorers” and “Familiar Families” are most likely to reduce their car use (45% and 48% respectively) and less likely to perceive this as difficult.     

公路突发事件应急能力实证分析

公路突发事件应急能力评估是公路应急管理工作的基础。以公路为研究对象,采用静态与动态相结合的方法,从基础制度建设能力和应急应对能力两个维度构建公路突发事件应急能力评价指标体系。运用层次分析法和DELPHI法对系统各指标因素进行量化解析,确定各因子对公路应急系统的作用大小,并分析其灵敏度和权重因子。结果表明,应急应对能力在公路突发事件的处理中占重要地位,在基础制度建设能力中信息保障占据首要地位,其次是经费资金和应急抢通;在应急应对能力方面,事故发生前的检测预警对于事故灾害的减缓显得尤为重要,通信与信息设备状况的重要性紧随其后。