论抵押物登记的作用及效力

抵押物登记具有广泛的作用,它不仅在特定情况下是抵押合同生效、抵押权成立的必要条件,而且在一般情况下也能强化抵押权的效力,促进抵押权的实现。因此,在担保活动中人们应当重视抵押物登记,即使法律不要求强制登记的抵押行为,债权人也应为了降低抵押风险、保障交易安全,尽可能采取登记措施。     

Chronic Diseases, Labor Supply and Medical Expenditure at Older Age: Evidence from China

China has undergone a rapid epidemiological transition from infectious diseases to chronic diseases. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this paper documents the profile of chronic diseases among older Chinese people, estimates the impact of the onset of chronic diseases on the labor supply, and examines the correlation between the prevalence of chronic diseases, a household’s medical expenditure and the role of health insurance in reducing medical costs. Empirical results show that the prevalence of chronic diseases is extremely high among older Chinese people and increases sharply with age. We find significant negative effects from the onset of chronic diseases on an individual’s livelihood at work. The estimation results by age and education suggest that the labor supply of the older and more highly educated people is more sensitive to the onset of chronic diseases. We also show that there can be a substantial indirect loss of individual and household income due to the onset of chronic diseases by limiting the labor supply. We find that the prevalence of chronic diseases is significantly associated with higher out-of-pocket medical expenditure. The reduced-form estimation results suggest that people with insurance have lower medical expenditure caused by minor chronic diseases, but this is only the case for women and urban residents. However, health insurance contributes little in reducing medical expenditure caused by major chronic diseases.     

农户选择兼业经营的经济学分析

农户的兼业经营行为是农户在预算约束的条件下,综合考虑各方面因素、合理配置家庭现有劳动力资源、追求家庭总效用最大化的理性选择.政府应以尊重农户对更高收益的追求为前提,完善土地流转机制,建立城乡统一的就业市场机制和社会保障制度,充分利用市场力量调节农户生产行为,推进社会主义新农村建设.     

Issues in measuring success in community-based Indigenous tourism: elites,kin groups,social capital,gender dynamics and income flows

Tourism development is a key feature of the neoliberal economic development model. Through a mix of state and private investment, Indigenous communities in Mexico are encouraged to transform local cultural and environmental resources into tourist consumption sites. The process results in a shift toward reliance on tourism, in place of farming, leaving households with few alternative earning strategies amidst fluctuating tourist arrivals and income, confounding the relationship between tourism and sustainability and questioning the utility of tourism as a sustainable tool for development. This article analyses a community-based Indigenous tourism project in a rural Maya village in Mexico's Yucatan, and discusses strategies employed at household level to navigate the arrival of tourism. Funding agencies assessed this project based on a triple bottom line metric that accounts for ecological health, financial sustainability, and its relationship to local social capital; however, these fail to account for differences between local and non-local conceptions of authenticity, indigeneity, and success. From a social perspective, the project has exacerbated existing tensions and has arguably widened the gap between the politically and economically powerful and less powerful, marginalized families in the community. Questions about policy, governance systems, and elite domination and kin group control are raised.     

Impacts of Low-Cost Land Certification on Investment and Productivity

New land reforms are again high on the policy agenda and low-cost, propoor reforms are being tested in poor countries. This article assesses the investment and productivity impacts of the recent low-cost land certification implemented in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, using a unique household and farm-plot-level panel data set, with data from before and up to eight years after the reform. Alternative econometric methods were used to test and control for endogeneity of certification and for unobserved household heterogeneity. Significant positive impacts were found, including effects on the maintenance of soil conservation structures, investment in trees, and land productivity.     

林地资源与农户林业收入的分析

首先对林地资源与林业收入的关系进行理论分析,然后运用福建省顺昌县农户林业收入的调查数据,分别对农户林地资源的数量、林地资源的经营类型与林业收入的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明:林地资源是农户参与林业收入分配的重要形式;农户林地资源数量越多,其家庭林业收入也越高;农户林地资源的经营类型不同,其家庭林业收入也不同;竹林经营和经济林经营对目前农户林业收入的增加具有显著的影响。     

户主受教育程度对家庭风险性金融资产选择的影响研究

利用中国家庭金融调查数据（CHFS）,通过Probit和Tobit模型解释户主受教育程度对风险性金融资产选择的影响,并对内在传导机制进行中介效应、调节效应分析。结果显示：户主的受教育水平对风险性金融资产的参与度和持有比例有积极影响,地区、城乡间影响差异明显,风险态度和家庭收入对户主受教育程度影响金融资产选择存在中介和调节效应。研究结论对进一步优化家庭金融资产配置有一定启示意义。     

基于因子分析法的上市公司经营业绩评价——以家电行业为例

利用多元统计中的因子分析方法,应用SPSS17·0统计分析软件,根据上市公司年度财务报表对其经营业绩进行分析评价,并以沪深两市家电行业2005-2007年度财务报表数据为基础,对家电行业上市公司的经营业绩进行实证分析,分析结果可为投资者提供决策信息,同时对于家电行业上市公司自身总结经验、改进管理、优化决策、提高效益等提供一定的帮助。     

户籍制度改革与农民工的社会融入研究

在影响农民工融入社会的诸多因素中,户籍制度被认为是最关键的。政府主导的"土地换户籍"不管是使农民生活更无保障,还是使农民"一步登天",都不能使农民工真正融入社会。解决"三农"问题的根本途径是城市化,而城市化最重要的内容应该是人的城市化。     

家庭结构对农地流转意愿的影响——基于结构方程模型的实证分析

研究目的:分析家庭结构对农民流转土地意愿的影响,并揭示其内部机理的形成,以期为土地流转政策的完善提供参考。研究方法:因子分析法和结构方程模型。研究结果:(1)家庭人口特征、土地使用特征、户主个体特征及家庭决策特征4类外源潜变量会显著影响农地流转意愿;(2)可观测变量对外源潜变量的解释能力较强,其中,家庭总人口、实际经营及流转土地面积、户主年龄、家庭内部矛盾解决方式分别对这4类外源潜变量的解释能力相对较好,即家庭总人口越多、实际经营及流转土地面积越小、户主年龄越大、依赖于内部解决矛盾的家庭更愿意流转农地。研究结论:家庭结构主要通过主动依赖、扶养压力、收入偏好、农地保障、决策信息5种机理对流转意愿产生影响,未来土地流转政策的完善应重视解决这些问题。