政府支持方式与农民创业类型基于四川省典型地区的分析

[目的]乡村振兴战略背景下,农民创业成为实现产业兴旺的重要途径和助力脱贫攻坚的重要力量,研究影响政府对农民创业类型支持方式的核心因素有助于给予农民创业者在选择创业类型时提供有价值的参考。[方法]文章利用2017年7月至2018年8月四川省8市34县(区) 2 778份农民创业者调查数据,根据三产类型将创业类型分为3类,构建无序多分类Logistic回归计量经济模型探索影响政府对农民创业类型支持方式的核心因素。[结果]农民创业类型以第一产业为主,第三产业相对较少。其中,以第一产业"种植业""养殖业"为创业类型的农户分别占样本总量的35.85%和34.99%,而以第三产业"互联网电商""创意、文化、教育类"为创业类型的农户分别仅占样本总量的5.18%和4.54%。[结论]政府对于在第一产业领域内的农民创业类型更倾向于培训支持和政策支持,对于第二和第三产业领域内的农民创业类型更倾向于资金支持。     

土地流转对农民创业的影响研究基于社会资本的调节作用分析

目的 土地细碎化与传统分散式经营一定程度阻碍了农业适度规模经营与农民创业,探索土地流转对农民创业的影响,对加速农业现代化发展、实现农民增收具有重要意义。方法 文章阐释土地流转影响农民创业的机理,并依据陕西、宁夏、山东3省（区）1 947份农户调研数据,运用Probit模型实证检验土地流转对农民创业的影响,同时进一步测度社会资本是否发挥调节作用。结果 （1）转入土地正向促进农民创业基本决策,而转出土地负向抑制农民创业基本决策,显著性水平分别为1%和5%。（2）进一步划分创业类型后显示,转入土地能显著促进农民开展涉农创业,而转出土地能促进农民开展非农创业。（3）社会资本的调节作用显著,具体表现为,整合型社会资本在转入土地影响涉农创业中发挥调节作用,而跨越型社会资本在转出土地影响非农创业中发挥调节作用。结论 因此,建议持续推进土地流转政策的深化改革,确保从土地流转到农民创业的顺利衔接;加强农民创业培训体系建设,考核培训后的效益效果,通过提升培训质量助推农民创业;鼓励农民增强社交意识,灵活运用社会网络获取资源,并通过积极社交打通阶级壁垒、促进信息流动,加速创业的开展。     

Place in Entrepreneurial Storytelling: A Study of Cultural Entrepreneurship in a Deprived Context

We extend the cultural entrepreneurship perspective by investigating how entrepreneurs in deprived contexts gain legitimacy by leveraging proprietary and public places in their entrepreneurial storytelling. Inspired by the sociology of place, we present a longitudinal study of ten new venture journeys over four years in Kasoa, Ghana. We identify three distinct ways places are used in entrepreneurial narratives: projective significance of place, connective significance of place, and authoritative significance of place. We show how impoverished entrepreneurs construct and communicate places in diverse ways, not only as locations, but also as material and symbolic resources that provide legitimacy for their venturing activities. Drawing from our findings, we generate a model of place-based cultural entrepreneurship and elaborate place as a central resource in cultural entrepreneurship and new venture creation in deprived contexts.     

国外女性创业研究的历程、动态与发展趋势

在过去二十多年时间中,全球女性创业发展十分迅速,对女性创业的研究也由此成为了学术界新的热点。研究内容从早期关注女性创业家的个体特征和创业动机扩展到资源获取、创业管理、创业绩效、社会网络、工作与家庭冲突等各个方面。本文首先回顾了国外女性创业研究的历程,并把它分为了萌芽、基础和发展三个阶段;其次,围绕个体、组织和环境三个层面对女性创业的研究动态进行文献疏理;最后,对女性创业研究将来可能的发展趋势做了展望。     

基子知识视角下的企业家精神

本文通过封国内外有关知识资本、企业家和企业家精神的文献研究和总结，在知识视角下封企业家理论进行简要回顾，得出企业家精神的实质是创新精神，更是识别创新机会、把握创新机会的过程的结论。使用信号传递模型，分离条件假设以及斯宾赛一莫裹斯条件建立模型，说明企业家的沟通成本对企业创新的影响。本文为企业家精神的研究提供一个新的视角或认识工具。     

基于社会网络的创业机会、动机与创业精神的关系研究

已有的创业精神的研究多基于西方的经济背景和实践。中国社会的历史文化和转轨时期的经济制度等都反映了中国创业精神发展的特殊性。其于制度理论,提出了创业机会、动机与创业精神之间的关系,并结合中国的创业实践认为,社会网络在创业机会、动机与创业精神的关系中起中介作用。     

企业社会责任与企业价值——组织惰性与行业敏感度的调节作用

以2012—2016年沪深两市A股上市公司的数据为依据,通过实证分析研究了企业社会责任对企业价值的影响,并从组织层面和行业层面的视角探讨了组织惰性和行业敏感度对该影响的调节作用。研究结果表明,企业社会责任对企业价值具有显著的促进作用;组织惰性减弱了企业社会责任对企业价值的促进作用;行业敏感度阻碍了企业通过履行社会责任进而提升企业价值的过程。     

The Surprising Duality of Jugaad: Low Firm Growth and High Inclusive Growth

Western theories on creativity emphasize the importance of access to resources and the generation of innovations as a source of sustainable competitive advantage for firms. However, perhaps the emphasis on slack resources and the firm as the level of analysis may be less appropriate for understanding the benefits of individual creative problem solving in resource-poor environments of the east; focusing solely on the firm is not sufficiently inclusive and may underestimate the benefits of creative problem solving under resource scarcity. Through an inductive interpretive case study of 12 problem solvers in the highly resource-poor environment of rural India, we identified the antecedents, dimensions and duality of outcomes for an Indian cultural source of creative problem solving called jugaad. Jugaad relies on assertive defiance, trial-and-error experiential learning and the recombination of available resources to improvise a frugal quick-fix solution. Our inductive framework provides new insights into the dual outcomes of creative problem solving from an eastern perspective; jugaad is unlikely to be a source of competitive advantage for firm growth but represents a source of enhanced wellbeing for inclusive growth.     

The Emergence of Proto-Institutions in the New Normal Business Landscape: Dialectic Institutional Work and the Dutch Drone Industry

In the current business landscape, in which technology-enabled entrepreneurship is part of the New Normal, regulatory institutional structures are in constant flux. Previous studies have framed the challenges facing entrepreneurs in mature organizational fields as avoiding the power of overbearing regulators long enough to establish the legitimacy of their ventures. In fields typified by New Normal conditions, however, regulatory frameworks for evaluating new technology-enabled ventures are often still lacking. Regulators may choose to actively reach out to entrepreneurs to arrive at a better understanding of the radical technological changes and high-frequency entrepreneurial behavioural adaptations that occur in these settings. To grasp how novel regulatory institutional structures come about in the New Normal business landscape, we conducted a processual study of the emergence of a new technology that is the Dutch remotely piloted aircraft systems (drone) industry between 2000 and 2018. Our findings show that regulatory proto-institutions result from dialectic institutional work in the form of structured interactions between entrepreneurs and regulators. Specifically, we present a process model that reveals how new regulatory structures evolve in contexts where high levels of technological and behavioural change induce systemic uncertainty, and enlarge the interdependence between entrepreneurs and regulators. We suggest that our process theory of proto-institutional emergence generalizes towards other organizational fields in which technology-enabled entrepreneurship has become the main driver of growth. Theoretically, our findings speak to the literatures on institutional work, proto-institutional emergence, and the New Normal business landscape.     

孵化器的商业模式与自身发展——典型案例分析

企业孵化器是创业企业成长的摇篮,其能为创业企业提供优质孵化服务的前提是自身的健康发展。本文从商业模式理论出发,对比剖析上海市运行良好的两个孵化器的目标客户、价值主张、价值链、动态能力和收支平衡模型,并探讨这两个典型孵化器如何通过整合社会资源服务创业企业。本研究揭示了孵化器对创业企业的价值源泉是其服务能为创业企业产生正向现金流,特别指出孵化器为创业企业提供融资能力与其孵化服务能力呈正相关,从而论证了孵化器本质是一个智力型服务机构,可自我持续发展的孵化器是一个能与创业企业、合作伙伴共赢共生的创新生态系统。