日本解决地方财政困境的改革措施与启示

20世纪90年代中期日本泡沫经济破灭以来,日本地方财政状况逐步恶化,地方政府债务规模不断增大,甚至发生因"隐性债务"膨胀而导致地方财政破产的恶性事件。针对地方财政管理中存在的问题,2000年以来日本政府出台了一系列改革措施力图重建地方财政。这些措施包括:引入"财政健全化"指标体系,力图早期诊断和化解财政风险;改革地方转移支付资金不足部分的补足方式,提高财政信息的透明度;加强地方政府债务管理,减少中央政府担保,实行多元化融资形式;在地方政府会计核算中部分引入权责发生制,加强对存量资产的管理;推行"三位一体"财政体制改革,充实地方财政;推行市町村合并,强化地方自治体间的联合等。本文综合考虑中日两国在财政体制、政体、历史、文化等方面的相似性与差异性,提出中国地方财政风险问题的解决之道。     

我国零售业区域集聚影响因素的实证分析及政策含义

我国零售业区域集聚作用日益凸显并逐渐被人们认识,本文利用空间基尼系数和区位商对我国零售业的区域集聚趋势进行了分析,并通过个体固定效应面板数据模型对影响我国零售业区域集聚的因素做了实证研究。文章研究发现,我国零售业区域集聚度呈下降趋势,人力资本的投入与零售业地区集聚发展呈正相关关系,而政府政策以及地区居民购买力与地区零售业的集聚发展水平呈负相关关系的结论,从地理位置来看,各地区零售业的集聚发展与该地区的地理位置所代表的消费习惯等因素有关,且东中部地区受该因素正向影响较多,而西部地区反之。文章最后还根据这些研究发现提出进一步促进我国零售业集聚发展的相关政策建议。     

The Legal, Ethical, and Managerial Implications of the Neutral Employment Reference Policy

The litigious environment surrounding employers today has caused them to be overly fearful of providing candid yet adverse employment references. Their attempts to minimize litigation risk created by the dismissal of a vindictive employee have clouded their judgment when asked to assist in the dissemination of employee information. This is alarmingly illustrated by the growing number of employers who have blindly adopted a neutral reference policy. Unfortunately, indiscriminate application of this policy will not necessarily preclude litigation, but, rather, foster it. It is imperative that employers carefully weigh the tangible and intangible costs of a reference defamation suit against their duty legally, ethically, and managerially to disclose vital information about a former employee.     

世界城市的涵义及其对中国城市发展的启示

从界定世界城市的概念入手 ,认为“世界城市”是指一种“世界城市地位” ,它既是个体概念 ,也是群体概念 ,既强调不同城市的共性 ,也重视城市间的差异。在此基础上 ,综合有关文献提出判别世界城市的指标体系 ,此后对全球化进程中世界城市的发展趋势进行了探讨 ,并综合对世界城市涵义的理解 ,提出中国发展世界城市的相应建议。     

论农业多功能性的实现

农业多功能性是指农业具有经济、生态、社会和文化等多方面的功能,各功能之间存在相互依存、相互制约关系.当它们关系协调时,农业多功能性得到充分发挥,农业得到和谐发展;反之,农业就会畸形发展.随着我国经济社会的不断发展,农业功能由长期定位于经济功能拓展为与非经济功能并重,非经济功能日益彰显.因此,正确认识和全面理解农业多功能性,对实现农业和农村社会经济的发展具有重要的指导意义.     

二战前后西方财政理论发展及其对我国的启示

二战前后,西方财政理论的研究取得了较大进步,逐步构建起了现代公共财政理论.西方财政理论确立的逻辑判断标准包括完整的框架与体系、核心概念的提出与对现实的解释作用.同时,二战后西方国家政治经济的变化对财政理论的发展也具有重要影响.我国财政理论发展的现实与之相对照,可以发现存在的问题,应通过转变研究范式、解决财政理论研究的核心问题与发展的研究方法等路径,来实现我国财政理论的发展.     

The Challenges Faced by Reporting Entities on Their Transition to International Financial Reporting Standards: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

This study explores the challenges of implementing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) at the organisational level. Based on interviews with experts with aggregated experience relating to the transition projects of over 170 reporting entities, this paper highlights the main challenges in delivering a successful implementation of IFRS. The findings show that the problems faced in implementation include lack of education and training, securing executive-level support, identifying and responding to the wider business-related implications of the transition, and issues with capturing the necessary information for reporting under IFRS.This paper complements the existing literature and offers a qualitative alternative to considering the transition to IFRS, offering insight into the organisational context of IFRS implementation. These insights are useful not only from a historic perspective, but also for organisations and regulators in the many jurisdictions where IFRS is permitted but not required, where more reporting entities will voluntarily move to IFRS-based reporting in the future. More broadly, they are also applicable to the challenges faced in implementing new and significantly revised IFRSs.     

Taming Trojan Horses: Identifying and Mitigating Corporate Social Responsibility Risks

Organizations are exposed to increasing pressures from their constituents to integrate corporate social responsibility (CSR) principles into their ongoing business practices. But accepting new and potentially open-ended commitments is not a harmless exercise, and companies may well expose themselves to serious risks when embracing such principles. To identify these risks, we conducted two naturalistic studies: one exploratory, the other corroborative. The results show that CSR adoption is associated with at least seven different business risks, ranging from failing strategy implementation to legitimacy destruction. To alleviate these risks, we discuss a set of managerial mitigation strategies that have the potential to realign companies’ CSR activities with their strategic objectives. Pursey Heugens is an Associate Professor of Organization Theory in the Department of Business-Society Management at RSM Erasmus University. He received his PhD from the same school. His research interests span positive and normative theories of organizaton, including bureaucracy theory, neo-institutional theory, contractualist business ethics, and virtue ethics. Nikolay Dentchev is an independent research fellow at Ghent University, Belgium, and a project coordinator at the corporate venturing department of Fortis Group (Fortis Venturing). He holds a Ph.D. in business economics from Ghent University. His current research is related to entrepreneurship, instrumental stakeholder theory, and management challenges of corporate social responsibility     

Policy impacts on the propensity to travel by HSR in the Amsterdam – London market

This paper investigates the impacts of possible measures to enhance HSR market share in the London-Amsterdam market. To this aim, we adopted a two-level aggregate nested logit model able to jointly model trip distribution and trip generation, thus taking into account that the tested policies may increase or decrease the overall demand. The model was applied to an extensive dataset about passenger flows traveling between London airports and HSR station and Amsterdam in the period 2015–2019. The results show that both the reduction of HSR fares and the application of an air ticket tax, albeit with different impacts in terms of stimulus or reduction effect on overall demand, are ineffective in increasing HSR market share, if not adequately supported by improving HSR service. Increasing HSR frequency and reducing HSR travel times constitute the best opportunities to increase HSR ridership by stimulating a higher substitution effect than modifications in relative fares. Lastly, the recent queueing at airports, following staff shortages and strikes, significantly lower air transport demand and potentially has a substantial upward effect on HSR market share.     

Enhancing frontline employee support during a product-harm crisis: Evidence and strategic managerial implications for firms

Product-harm crises can negatively affect a firm's corporate image, reputation, and credibility. This research investigates antecedents and factors that can impact the extent to which frontline employees will be supportive of their organization when the firm faces such a crisis. Leveraging social exchange theory and its focus on reciprocal exchanges, we theorize and test processes using regression models, which shed light on how managers can solicit employee support during crises situations by providing the frontline employees with ethical and supportive working conditions. To offer convergent validity across multiple methodologies, we also test the influence of experimental effects of the relative severity of a crisis and whether a firm was quick or slow in its response on frontline employee support. Furthermore, our research demonstrates that the firm's strengths in corporate social responsibility, the employees' organizational citizenship behavior, and employee organizational identification serially mediate the supportive relationship, which provides a unique contribution to the marketing literature. Finally, we provide managerial implications to further enhance frontline employee support.