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51.
外汇市场干预是大多数国家央行管理汇率的主要手段。2008年全球金融危机以及其后的欧美债务危机,使得金融市场动荡加剧,外汇市场因避险资金的流动也日益不平静,央行的汇市干预在目标、方式、效果、影响等方面部呈现出一些新的特点,文章对此进行回顾和总结,并从将外汇干预作为宏观调控的组成部分、变被动干预为主动干预以及扩展干预模式等方面,就进一步完善央行汇市干预方式提出政策建议。 相似文献
52.
本文对我国贸易失衡的结构特征和原因进行了研究,并讨论了相应的政策启示。研究发现,近年来我国贸易顺差占GDP比重与其他新兴经济体相比并不大,但对欧美的贸易顺差以及对日、韩的贸易逆差的绝对规模处于上升趋势;从地区层面看,贸易失衡主要由贸易规模最大的几个省份引起;加工贸易占比越高的行业,贸易顺差规模越大。本文的政策启示如下:随着引进的外资类型向市场导向型转变,我国与欧美的贸易顺差会逐步减小;我国与欧美国家的"非对称投资关系"是引起贸易失衡的重要原因,发展更为对称的投资关系是缓解贸易失衡的重要途径。因此,在今后的经贸谈判中,提高欧美国家对中国企业的投资准入仍是我国需要突破的重要方向。 相似文献
53.
Ritual legitimation, de-coupling and the budgetary process: managing organizational hypocrisies in a multinational company 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study of participation in the budgetary cycle has formed a prominent part of the research literature concerned with the budgetary process. More recently there has emerged a body of literature concerned with exploring the political and symbolic nature of the budgetary process. The paper reports upon the outcomes of an empirical study of the introduction of `budgetary participation' in a division of a European subsidiary of a large North American car manufacturer. We detail the long process of consultation and negotiation within the subsidiary, and between it and the European Headquarters. The study provides a revealing instance of the roles of formal budget participation as a ritual of control and legitimation without the substantive involvement of middle managers and suggested to us the introduction of de-coupling and organizational hypocrisy alongside the introduction of budget participation. The study pays close attention to the contingent effects of the wider political context of the division and the relationships between the division, its organizational context and organizational environment, and how this context played upon the budgetary process in the division. The outcomes that we analyse at `Delta' reflect the de-coupling strategies and organizational hypocrisies commonly found in public sector organizations. In this wider setting the corporation persists with the ritual of `tight' budget negotiation and target setting and apparent underachievement in performance. Yet we conclude that the complex technological and political context to the formation and siting of Delta continued and may continue to support its existence.$g0 相似文献
54.
刘继国 《湖北经济学院学报》2007,5(4):101-106
越来越多的企业的产出正在由实物产品为主向服务产品为主转变,但很少有学者关注产出服务化战略概念的测量问题.本文运用文献分析法,阐明了产出服务化战略的维度,开发了相关的研究假设,构建了产出服务化战略的影响因素及其绩效的概念框架,并指明研究的管理含义.这种理论分析为未来的实证研究提供了重要的基础. 相似文献
55.
In this study, we explore the impact of private label (PL) proliferation and pricing on consumer demand and derive profit implications for different scenarios: (i) dropping or adding a line (kids, health or muesli) within a PL tier and (ii) changing the PL tier prices. We use a representative household panel dataset (2008–2009) for the ready to eat (RTE) cereal category of two leading U.K. grocery retailers. Our results indicate line extension/delisting within the standard and premium PL tiers cannibalize each other and also steal business from NBs for the kids, healthy and muesli lines. Overall, premium PLs seem a profit generator tier that allows some room for further brand variant introductions within this tier. However, the retailer is better off, in terms of profits, if the proliferation within the economy PL tier is downgraded. Furthermore, both the retailer and NB manufacturers gain from an economy, standard and premium PL price increase, as it leads to a demand shift to NBs accompanied by a profit lift for the retailer. 相似文献
56.
This study aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of New Zealand's low-cost carrier (LCC) on domestic tourism demand and growth. The panel data regression model and the two-stage least-square (2SLS) model (aims to control for the endogeneity effects) are used to empirically investigate the impact of LCC and the key determinants affecting New Zealand's domestic tourism using five regions (Auckland, Canterbury/Christchurch, Dunedin, Queenstown, and Wellington) from June 2009 to July 2015. The findings suggested that the LCC's services, GDP per capita, the regional tourism indicators (accommodation, and food and beverage), and land transport costs affected New Zealand's domestic tourism. The policy implications of the key finding regarding the significance of the LCC's operations on New Zealand's domestic tourism (local/regional tourism authorities and tourism operators), airline competition between incumbent airline (Air New Zealand) and the LCC (Jetstar), and airport authorities are discussed. 相似文献
57.
This paper analyzes the effects of China's upcoming value-added tax (VAT) reform of removing investment from the tax base on capital accumulation and the welfare of the rich and the poor. Three alternative methods to make up for the loss of tax revenue are considered. The VAT reform with consumption tax being endogenous increases capital accumulation and the utility of both the rich and the poor. The VAT reform with the labor income tax rate being endogenous increases capital accumulation; and it decreases the utility of the rich and increases the utility of the poor (increases the utility of both the rich and the poor) if the rich has a higher rate or the same rate of time preference (if the rich has a lower rate of time preference). The VAT reform, accompanied by a cut in transfers to the poor, has no effect on capital accumulation if the rich and the poor have the same rate of time preference; it decreases (increases) capital accumulation if the rich has a higher (lower) rate of time preference; and it increases the utility of the rich and decreases the utility of the poor. 相似文献
58.
池明霞 《世界标准化与质量管理》2011,(4):32-35
环境保护标准化是环境保护工作发展到新阶段的战略性选择。文章对台湾的环境保护标准化工作现状进行介绍和分析,得出其对大陆环境保护工作的启示,以期为今后大陆的环境保护产业发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
59.
胡晓静 《山西经济管理干部学院学报》2011,19(1):122-125
本文从词汇、替代、省略、指代和连接词的使用等5个角度举例分析了衔接手段在篇章中的具体使用,探讨了衔接手段的使用对作文质量的积极作用,指出了衔接手段教学在大学英文写作教学过程中的重要性。 相似文献
60.
Applications of microelectronics in products and the use of advanced manufacturing technology in production are important factors driving innovation, productivity improvement and economic growth. Until the early 1980s there were few comprehensive national surveys of the diffusion of these technologies or of their impacts. This paper reviews surveys of firms using these technologies, discusses survey comparability and summarises key empirical results. The value of carefully constructed internationally comparable surveys for analysis and policy formulation is emphasised, and new directions for surveys are suggested. 相似文献