关于湖北省产业集群发展战略的初步思考

基于湖北省经济发展现状,湖北省产业集群发展战略可概括为“一四七”战略,即把大力发展中度技术制造业,以效率为竞争优势,在全球产业价值链中占据制造环节的优势作为湖北省支柱产业的基本定位;具体实施知识创新、大制造与大流通互动、县域经济的工业化跟进四大战略;由此选择和培养“教育和知识创新”等七个战略性产业集群。     

产业集群形成因素分析

产业集群作为一种产业组织形态，对于企业成长、工业化进程以及区域经济竞争力做了广泛贡献。产业集群的形成受一些特定因素的影响，本文在国内外学者对产业集群现象研究的基础上，认为自然禀赋、规模经济、企业家精神以及历史偶然因素在产业集群形成过程中起了关键作用。     

新西兰产业集群政策之分析

在过去的10年中,产业集群作为提升企业竞争优势的重要来源,被一些政策制定者和研究者用作推手以期促进当地发展。现存的研究倾向性地集中在集群正面促进作用上,而对集群政策的消极作用和教训缺乏足够的认识。通过对新西兰政府产业集群政策发展轨迹的分析,总结出新西兰产业集群政策发展的6大特点,并且可以看出产业集群政策并非一＂集群＂就灵。     

论优化产业集群发展环境中政府职能的发挥

产业集群是扩大产业规模、提升产业核心竞争力、形成区域特色经济的最有效途径之一,也是推动经济转型、促进经济又好又快发展的重要策略选择。同时,必须克服产业集群内部自身存在的缺陷。为此,必须进一步转变政府职能,发挥政府在集群风险中预防与干预作用,优化产业集群发展环境,推动地方产业转型与升级的健康发展。     

The rise of IT services clusters in India: A case of growth by replication

The Indian IT services sector has grown from small beginnings at the bottom of value creation to a major player in the global information and communications technology (ICT) industry. It commands a 55% share in the global market for IT services. India's IT sector value proposition in terms of low cost with large supply of high quality talent is compelling. As a result, India has become the premier choice not only for outsourcing IT services by the developed-world's multinational corporations (MNCs) but also for locating their own Global In-house Centers (GICs), which simultaneously compete and partner with local firms. This gave rise to six additional clusters beyond the earliest, largest and robust cluster, Bangalore. The paper provides a review of relevant literature; develops a conceptual framework for evaluation of clusters; and presents data and analysis with respect to relative size, growth, specialization, MNC presence and connectivity to local firms through expatriates and returning Indians, ,innovation; and discusses adequacy of ICT infrastructure for future growth. Although there are clear signs that the Indian IT sector has been moving towards a regime of providing high-end value added services, the sector's value proposition – lower cost combined with a large supply of high quality talent – remains the single most compelling reason for the rise and growth of multiple export clusters. Thus the sector's growth appears to be a case of growth by replication rather than innovation. The paper concludes that the Indian IT sector's value proposition in terms of lower cost combined with large supply of high quality talent remains the single most compelling reason for the rise and growth of multiple IT services export clusters. While the old adage, “people follow jobs” still holds for large part of the labor force, there is little doubt that the sprawling IT services clusters in India - with more to come from Tier II and Tier III cities – indicate, in fact, that “jobs follow talent." Both local firms and the MNCs, through their GICs, are pushing the boundaries of location farther and farther to continue to leverage cost advantage and available pools of talent.     

知识共同体：高技术企业集群创新集成新范式

创新是企业集群这种产业组织所特有的优势,而协同是集群系统创新能力升华的前提。但目前对集群内部不同主体间的创新集成问题的关注文献较少。本文立足集群整体视角,提出构建知识共同体的创新思路,旨在推动集群的开放式协同创新。具体阐述了知识共同体提出的理论背景,通过引入知识粒度概念,对知识共同体进行了结构化设计,并剖析了共同体创新机制。     

知识溢出与高新技术产业集群的演化——以上海市张江高科园区IC产业集群为例

国内外的一些研究表明,知识溢出与高新技术产业集群的形成和发展有着密切的关系。产业集群总是处于一个动态的变化过程中,知识溢出在各个过程中所起的作用是不一样的。文章结合高新技术产业集群的生命周期理论,探讨了知识溢出对高新技术产业集群演化的影响,最后结合上海张江IC产业集群的案例加以说明。     

基于钻石模型对合肥汽车产业集群竞争力的分析

近年来国内汽车产业呈现向地域集中的趋势,一批汽车产业集群相继形成。科学合理的评价某一地域的汽车产业集群竞争力,成为指导汽车产业集群发展的前提。本文运用钻石模型对合肥市汽车产业集群进行分析,全面系统的阐述了集群的六要素表现情况,然后提出解决策略。     

经济欠发达地区产业集群的发展

产业集群战略已经被实践证明是提升区域竞争力、推动区域经济发展的重要战略。欠发达地区要实现跨越式发展,必须加快工业化进程,培育产业集群,以产业集群带动区域经济发展。欠发达地区产业集群的发展面临诸多有利条件,但也不可忽视产业、企业竞争力弱等因素带来的不利影响。惟有因地制宜、扬长避短,充分发挥市场和政府的作用,才能培育出具有较强竞争力的产业集群。     

全球化背景下产业集群的升级——以浙江慈溪、义乌、桐乡典型产业集群为例

产业集群为企业和区域提供了强大的竞争力,但产业集群本身面临着升级的问题。在全球化背景下,产业集群应在全球价值链中从低往高爬升。文章通过实证方法,以浙江省慈溪小家电、义乌小商品、桐乡毛衫三个典型产业集群为例,分析了我国产业集群在全球价值链中从制造、设计到自创品牌的动态升级过程。