关于教职工个人所得税税收筹划浅析

个人所得税是我国重要的税种之一,认真履行代扣代缴个人所得税是单位财务部门的重要工作内容。2019年1月1日实施新的个人所得税以来,个人所得税代缴工作暴露出不少问题,如漏缴、不足额代缴等问题突出。因此,如何构建合理的个人所得税税收筹划,降低职工的税收负担成为构建高质量财务管理工作的当务之急。     

资本市场投资端改革研究

资本市场投资端改革的目标包括改善我国居民资产配置结构,壮大机构投资者队伍,推动形成市场稳定的长期资金来源。本文提出:第一,投资端改革应通过培育直接投融资文化、降低房地产的投资属性、提升资本市场吸引力来调动微观主体投资积极性。第二,投资端改革应培育、发展各类专业投资机构。公募基金应提升基民投资获得感,推进价值投资;养老金应优化税收制度安排,加速嫁接资本市场;保险资金应提升渗透率与长期股权的配置比重;私募基金应优化监管方式,扩大退出渠道。第三,投资端改革应厘清各类投资机构之间的业务边界,加快发展投资顾问制度,提升买方维权力量对卖方的制约功能来构建各类投资主体相互合作、相互约束的良性投资生态。     

机构投资者参与公司治理行为指引制度研究

机构投资者参与公司治理是发挥中长期资金“压舱石”作用的重要途径,对于提升上市公司质量具有积极意义。研究发现,当前我国机构投资者在参与公司治理方面已取得一定实效,但仍存在总体积极性不高、制度不规范、披露不充分、手段有限、质量较低等问题,激励及引导规则的不足是导致实践困境的重要原因之一。有必要参考境外做法,引进具有软法性质的行为指引制度,构建具有约束力的促进型法制。相应规则的设计应以促进机构投资者有效行使股东权利为核心,着重加强对机构投资者的激励与引导,培育机构投资者自愿、自主和自觉参与公司治理的能力,推动机构投资者积极参与公司治理。     

Did large institutional investors flock into the technology herd? An empirical investigation using a vector Markov-switching model

This article investigates whether large non-bank institutional investors herded during the dot-com bubble of the 1990s. We use the vector Markov-switching model of Hamilton and Lin (1996) to analyse the technology stockholdings of 115 large institutional investors from 1980 to 2012. By imposing different restrictions on the elements of the transition probability matrix, we are able to test for various lead/lag scenarios that might have existed between the technology stockholding of each investor and that of the residual market. We find that only 17.4% of the investors in our sample herded during the dot-com bubble. Thus, during the dot-com bubble, herding among large institutional investors was not an especially widespread phenomenon. Among those investors that herded, 80% herded during the run-up, 10% during the collapse and 10% during both phases of the dot-com bubble. About 23% of all investors in our sample exited from the technology sector before the bubble collapsed. These results seem to support Abreu and Brunnermeier’s (2003) theory of bubbles and crashes.     

Foreign competition for shares and the pricing of information asymmetry: Evidence from equity market liberalization

Using the equity market liberalization of 23 emerging market countries between 1996 and 2006, we examine how the degree of competition for a firm's shares affects the price of information asymmetry. We find evidence of a significant decline in the pricing of information asymmetry as countries remove regulatory restrictions on foreign ownership. Our study provides novel evidence on the link between the degree of competitiveness of equity markets and the price of information asymmetry. The work also furthers our understanding of the economic consequences of foreign stock ownership.     

The information content of retail investors’ order flow

In this paper, we provide evidence that the trading activity of small retail investors carries significant genuine information that can be exploited for the short-term out-of-sample forecasting of foreign exchange rates. Our findings are based on a unique dataset of around 2000 retail investors from the OANDA FXTrade electronic trading platform. Our results are consistent with the view that in the foreign exchange market private information is highly dispersed, but can be extracted by observing customer order flow. Previous studies, however, focused on the information content of costumer order flow of dealers in the interbank market, whose clients are themselves large institutional and professional investors. Our study is the first that analyzes a crowd of small retail investors and shows that even the trading activity of these investors contains, on aggregate, important non-public information that can be exploited for short-term exchange rate forecasting. Our findings lead us to conjecture that retail investors (on aggregate) are not pure noise traders but process dispersed information at least partially in a similar way as large institutional investors and hence place their orders accordingly.     

Institutions and Values: A Methodological Inquiry

Economics entails a study of institutions regardless of the school of thought, and it is inherently an analysis of institutional transformation with a vision toward creating positive social change through economic arrangements. However, the conceptions of institutions, identity of individuals, human nature as it pertains to economics, identification of the economic sphere, its concerns, and studying its evolution, all vary substantively across schools of thought. We examine the following issues: (i) the differences in the ontological identity of the individual between heterodox approaches, new institutional economics (NIE), and the neoclassical school; (ii) the central point of divergence between original institutional economics (OIE) and NIE, despite both schools being committed to the project of an “institutionally” centered approach to economics; and (iii) the absence of a cohesive project to explore foundational theoretical congruencies among those heterodox approaches that have a shared vision, values, and a common ontological identity of socially embedded people.     

企业中个体知识共享的效用模型分析

当代知识经济社会中,知识管理正起着越来越重要的作用.知识管理中知识共享是其重要的一个分支.通过对知识共享的效用数学模型进行分析,揭示了影响知识共享的因素及其对知识共享所起的作用.旨在使企业中个体知识资源进行充分、有效共享,以提高企业利用知识创造价值的能力.     

个人主体的丧失——罗伯特·斯通《模糊的宝瓶星座》中艾丽森评析

《模糊的宝瓶星座》中的艾丽森生活在一个变了形的、充满幻觉的后现代主义的世界里。周围的一切冷漠、荒诞,她的内心充满愤怒、恐惧和绝望。小说展示了后现代社会人们的生存状态：个人没有任何身份感,个人主体已经没有存在的可能了。     

国有银行上市改革及引入境外投资者的模型分析

本文对国有银行上市改革和引入战略投资者的行为进行了分析。通过数学模型证明:(1)国有银行改革的初始条件直接关系改革的成功与否;(2)国有银行的改革成本与外资参股比例呈U型曲线关系。改革成本与外资参股比例的关系决定是否应引入外资。如改革成本与外资参股比例无关,政府没有引入战略投资者的动力;(3)市场对改革成败的预期是决定外资参股价格的关键因素。由于战略投资者不能掌握国有银行控制权,其参股比例与参股价格成反比;(4)根据结论测算,中国工商银行、中国银行定价略低,中国建设银行定价有微小溢价。