从《儿子与情人》看劳伦斯的爱情观

劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》带有自传的性质,其中叙述的三段爱情关系的发生及最终失败,体现了劳伦斯的爱情观。他认为完美的两性关系应具有肉体与精神的交流和追求爱情的主动性,对爱的消极等待以及强烈的占有欲将导致爱情失败。     

创新体育教学对促进快乐体育课堂构建的作用

新时期对快乐体育赋予了新的内涵,对构建快乐体育课堂充满了期待。在体育课堂中,要充分体现"以人为本""、以学生为主体""、一切为了学生的发展"的理念。教师要不断学习,提高自身素质,要不断开拓创新,大胆进行改革,努力构建轻松、愉悦地课堂氛围,重视学生主体地位的改变,改变学习模式和评价机制,倡导学生积极主动参与到体育学习中,注重学生身心全在健康发展,使学生真正体会到体育的快乐。     

Representative account or greenwashing? Voluntary sustainability reports in Australia's mining/metals and financial services industries

Why are more and more companies voluntarily issuing costly, potentially exposing standalone sustainability reports on environmentally and socially problematic issues? Using legitimacy theory, this study analyses ways companies seek to strategically enhance legitimacy by leaning towards either ‘representative’ reporting of both favourable and unfavourable information especially in an industry's highest impact domains, or ‘greenwashing’ (including whitewashing non-environmental issues), which downplays unfavourables and high-impact domains and highlights favourable but less relevant points. Content analysis compared Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) reports from 2011 to 2019 by Australian financial services companies (107 reports) and mining and metals companies (122). Specifically, to critique reporting quality in fine grain, it disaggregated results into levels (from omission to full quantitative treatment) of disclosure of good/bad/neutral news indicators and violation-related/non-violation-related ones and identified highest impact domains. Neither industry's reporting was very representative. Relatively though, mining and metals leant towards representation: fuller disclosure on environmental aspects (its highest impact domain), including unfavourables: bad and violation-related indicators. Financial services companies only led in disclosing neutral social indicators, not bad or violation-related ones, so leant towards greenwashing. Results also suggest that after the GRI clarifying materiality principle in 2016, financial services disclosure quality dropped further by de-emphasising environmental without lifting social disclosures, while mining and metals' stayed unchanged. The results confirm and better specify widely indicated reporting weaknesses, contributing to content analysis methodology and legitimacy theory. This arms guideline setters, investors and other stakeholders to better evaluate/design reports and might encourage firms to voluntarily improve disclosures.     

Impact of trade cost on China-EU agri-food trade

In this research, we investigate trade costs in relation to China-EU trade in agri-food products during 2001–2015. Major components of trade cost include transportation costs, border-related policy barriers such as tariffs, and local distribution costs. Our results indicate that trade costs between China and EU involving agri-food products, although falling, remain abnormally high. Consequently, we find that trade cost reductions contribute to over half of the overall China-EU trade growth. Our decomposition technique demonstrates that economic growth and trade cost reductions are the key drivers of China-EU trade expansion. Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) would reduce high trade costs to increase EU-China bilateral agricultural trade significantly. This is not fully captured in the gravity models where a static distance is usually used as a proxy to trade cost. The BRI will not reduce the distance, but it will cut transportation and other components of trade cost for China-EU trade.     

Drivers and consequences of sustainability committee existence? Evidence from the hospitality and tourism industry

This study's objective is twofold: (1) to investigate whether board characteristics predict the existence of a sustainability committee, and (2) to examine whether the establishment of sustainability committees stimulates sustainability reporting, external assurance, and the adoption of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework in hospitality and tourism (H&T) firms. For this purpose, the data was derived from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database for publicly traded H&T firms from 2013 to 2018. The results indicate that while board size is a significant predictor of sustainability committee establishment, female and independent directors are not. Furthermore, the H&T firms with a sustainability committee are more likely to issue a sustainability report, to get an independent assurance statement on sustainability reporting, and to follow GRI guidelines in configuring sustainability report content and structure. Overall, the results suggest important implications to help H&T firms achieve sustainable goals and to design their boards accordingly.     

Tourism and employment in the Gambia

In addition to providing formal wage labor in hotels, airports, and the service infrastructure, tourism is said to provide possibilities for independent indigenous enterprise in handicrafts, entertainment, transport, through which the Gambians may, in effect, economically “lift themselves up by their bootstraps.” Such is the theory. This paper analyzes the actual employment possibilities in The Gambia provided by its recent tourism investment. From the findings of an economic survey the author concludes that hopes of economic development being catalyzed by tourism are unfounded and misleading. This conclusion is supported by a structural analysis and a characterization of the tourist industry in The Gambia by an investigation into the economic forces at work in the country, and by direct observations made by informants and the author concerning the impact tourism has made in spheres non-economic: the moral, the social, and the family.     

践行新保守主义的美国新智库：外交政策创议

新保守主义是影响当代美国外交的一股重要力量,它依据＂美国例外论＂而鼓噪美国积极介入世界事务,建立美国的全球领导权。在借助智库＂新美国世纪计划＂而推动小布什政府发动伊拉克战争以后,新保守主义不甘寂寞,于2009年又创立了智库＂外交政策创议＂,积极开展各种活动,争取国会共和党议员的支持,培训和拉拢国家安全领域的青年精英,试图再次左右美国的外交决策。     

城市应对气候变化规划初探

讨论了城市应对气候变化规划的概念,分析了城市应对气候变化规划与城市可持续发展的关系,界定了城市应对气候变化规划的类型,介绍了城市应对气候变化规划的发展历程,探讨了城市应对气候变化规划的编制要点。     

发挥学生在大学英语教学中的主体作用

本文试图从以下三个方面探讨大学英语课堂教学中发挥学生的主体作用:1)创造发挥学生主体作用的环境;2)实施发挥学生主体作用的教学方法;3)完善教与学的评价与反馈体系。这三方面做好了便有利于达到培养和提高学生的语言应用能力的目的。     

Quantifying Financing Needs in the Belt and Road Countries

ABSTRACT

This paper provides a thorough analysis to quantify the financing needs in the Belt and Road countries during 2009 and 2014. By examining financial constraints using financial data of firms in the Belt and Road countries, this study constructs a Financing Needs Index for Belt and Road countries and highlights the characteristics of financing needs across 36 countries and 6 years. By further incorporating information from World Bank Enterprise Surveys, this paper builds an Augmented Financing Needs Index for 56 Belt and Road countries. The findings of this paper provide important policy implications by showing that countries can improve their financial liberalization and institutional environment to address the financing needs of their indigenous firms and thus achieve economic growth.