原州区南城拐子二级扬水灌区高效节水补灌工程任务和规模

传统的农业种植模式已严重制约着当地经济发展、农民增收,调整种植结构,发展高效节水灌溉特色与设施农业,是促进当地经济社会全面协调发展的迫切需要。     

建立农田水利建设新机制

在充分认识农田水利建设新机制的重大意义的基础上,分析建立农田水利建设新机制的指导思想和原则,点明建立农田水利建设新机制的工作重点。     

Profit Based Efficiency Measures,with an Application to Rice Production in Southern India

Using non‐parametric methods, we estimate the foregone rents due to credit, allocative, and technical inefficiencies of subsistence farmers in Southern India. The lost rents are estimated directly from the Nerlovian efficiency index, and the results suggest the largest foregone rents derive from allocative inefficiencies and then credit inefficiencies. Also, results suggest that farms without well access experience larger losses than those with well access. Econometric results suggest education, the presence of tank water management efforts, and well access influence the level of foregone rent due to allocative and Nerlovian inefficiencies. Educational activities and policies to encourage better management of tanks are considered important for lowering the foregone losses.     

甘肃省景泰川电力提灌灌区计划用水的技术实践与效果

计划用水对于提高灌区经济效益具有重要的现实意义,既满足农作物的需水需求,又降低用水户的投入,既不浪费水资源,又节省工程管理费用和运行费用,使双向效益最大化。     

国家农业综合开发陕甘宁梯田建设项目——宁夏西吉县郎岔项目建设迫切性和潜力分析

由于西吉县郎岔项目区植被覆盖率低,水力侵蚀比较严重,不仅制约着当地农业经济的发展,而且还严重影响着项目区内的生态环境。通过梯田建设等综合治理,可有效改善区域生态环境。     

基于神经网络的温室花卉在水胁迫声发射下灌溉测量预测研究

近年来,我国的花卉市场得到了很大的发展,精细灌溉成为人们普遍关心的问题。本文主要介绍了自动灌溉系统的基本工作原理,利用BP神经网络模型的自学习特性、matlab软件强大的数据处理能力实现了对灌溉系统中灌溉量的自动控制。     

Water Rich, Resource Poor: Intersections of Gender, Poverty, and Vulnerability in Newly Irrigated Areas of Southeastern Turkey

The provision of water for drinking and irrigation is often assumed to alleviate poverty, though results are likely to be mixed for different individuals. This paper examines the intersections of gender poverty, livelihoods, landlessness, and related considerations in the context of large-scale water development in Turkey’s Southeastern Anatolia region, particularly exploring what such an analysis allows for an understanding of variable and differentiated effects of ongoing changes. Findings suggest that certain populations experience enhanced vulnerabilities, and considerable losses, in addition to any gains and benefits of ongoing changes (particularly the landless, poor, some women, and those who previously engaged in animal husbandry). This discussion contributes to a growing gender and water literature, arguing for an intersectional analysis that understands gender as necessarily conditioned by poverty, livelihoods, and other factors. Further, I argue for the need to further enrich analyses of differentiated benefits and vulnerabilities of water-related changes through consideration of geographic, spatial, and place-specific dimensions.     

Comparing the technical efficiency of farms benefiting from different agricultural interventions in Kenya's drylands

Farmers in Kenya's drylands have difficulty accessing farm production resources and in consequence farm productivity is low. It is therefore important to find strategies for improving access to these scarce resources to help farmers use them efficiently. This paper analyses and compares the technical efficiency of five groups of small farms affected by five different agricultural interventions. The aim of the study was to identify intervention strategies that significantly improve farm efficiency. Data envelopment analysis was used to compute farm-level average technical efficiencies for each of the intervention groups. The results showed that average technical efficiency was highest for the farms that had participated in an irrigation intervention. The findings suggest that the strategies promoted by this intervention, such as access to irrigation, inputs and markets, have the most significant effect on farm efficiency.     

Presumptions of linearity and faith in the power of centralised decision‐making: two challenges to the efficient management of environmental water in Australia

Water policy in the Murray‐Darling Basin continues to be dominated by the trade‐offs between agricultural and environmental interests. This has recently been played out with the acrimonious debate that circumscribed the release of the Guide to the Murray‐Darling Basin Plan. In this paper, we argue that too much emphasis has been placed on the volume of held water as an indicator of environmental benefit. We also contend that there is an attendant presumption of linearity in the relationship between volumes of held water and environmental benefit which could lead to perverse outcomes. A second problem is that there is too much enthusiasm for contemplating the solutions to water management problems as residing primarily at the federal level of government. These factors stand to ultimately limit the efficient delivery of environmental objectives.