Technology ladders and R&D in dynamic Cournot markets

Motivated by dramatic and unpredictable technological advances in energy production (for instance drilling and extraction of shale oil), we extend Cournot models of competition to incorporate research and development (R&D) that can lead to (stochastic) drops in production costs. Our model combines features of patent racing with dynamic market structure, capturing the interplay between the immediate competition in terms of production rates and the long-term competition in R&D. The resulting Markov Nash equilibrium is found from a sequence of one-step static games arising between R&D successes, and several numerical examples and extensive analysis of the emerging comparative statics are presented. Analyzing the relationship between current market dominance and the level of R&D investments, we find that market leaders tend to invest more, which in some sense makes oligopoly dynamically unstable. We show that anticipated market transitions have long-term impact; for example the potential of future monopoly can spur R&D investment now, even if the firm is presently uncompetitive and not actively producing. We also show that, surprisingly, random innovations have an ambiguous effect on R&D. This feature, which is driven by the Cournot framework, contrasts with the common situation whereby uncertainty lowers innovation and delays R&D investments. Finally, we demonstrate that increased competition may actually increase efforts to innovate through higher desire to achieve dominance. This would match the anecdotal evidence that the threat of market entrants forces incumbents to maintain high R&D.     

企业薪酬内部公平与外部公平对接研究

岗位价值评估分数与外部市场薪酬水平对接是决定企业薪酬内部公平和外部公平程度的核心环节。在分析薪等制、薪点制和宽带薪酬等三种岗位价值评估与外部市场薪酬水平对接技术的基础上,对薪等制、薪点制中薪酬内外部公平对接技术的最新发展进行了探讨。     

对完善高职院校岗位绩效薪酬设计的若干思考

高职院校岗位绩效薪酬设计要遵循按劳分配、效率优先、兼顾公平的原则,引进360度绩效考核法,建立科学合理的绩效考评机制,强化薪酬的激励功能,以激发教职工工作的积极性和创造性。     

Job Characteristics and Job Design in Table-Service Restaurants

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the relationships of job characteristics, job satisfaction, and job performance in a sample of 315 table service restaurant employees. Results demonstrate the job characteristics to be reliable constructs, and that the sample perceived them to exist at varying levels in their jobs. Multiple measures of job satisfaction are reported and compared. Perceived job characteristics do appear to influence job satisfaction, but demonstrate only a very limited relationship with job performance. Recommendations are suggested for job design or job redesign that may enhance satisfaction and performance.     

PLC输入I/O点数的扩展方法

介绍了 PL C输入 I/ O点数的硬件软件扩展方法 ,为在实际应用中解决 PL C输入点数不足 ,降低系统的硬件费用 ,提出了很好的解决方法     

大学生就业帮扶机制研究

在就业形势越来越严峻的今天,高校毕业生就业问题就成为了当今社会的一大难题,因此需要我们建立一些帮扶对策来帮助就业困难的大学生能够充分的实现就业问题。     

Correlates of Drug Testing Attitudes in a Sample of Blue Collar Workers

Using responses from 1429 workers employed in the wood products industry, we examine the relationship between drug testing (DT) attitudes and several demographic, organizational, job attitude, and job outcome variables. After controlling for age and marital status, analyses revealed moderate correlations between DT attitudes and alcohol and drug variables, DT program characteristics, organizational, and work attitude variables. DT attitudes were weakly but significantly related to absences, late work arrivals, accidents, and injuries. Implications of the findings and future research suggestions are discussed.     

Proactive personality and work performance in China: The moderating effects of emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate

Grounded in the interactionist paradigm, this study shows that emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate constitute important moderators of the relationship between proactive personality and work performance. More specifically, the study analyzes the relationship between proactive personality and its behavioural outcomes—organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and job performance—and investigates the interactive effects of emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate. The study involves 485 Chinese airline employees including pilots, flight attendants, engineers, and service employees. Proactive personality positively predicted OCB and individual performance. Emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate moderated the relationship between proactive personality and individual performance both independently and jointly. Implications of the findings for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Link Between Organizational Ethics and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Managers in Singapore

Based on a survey of 237 managers in Singapore, three measures of organizational ethics (namely, top management support for ethical behavior, the organization's ethical climate, and the association between ethical behavior and career success) are found to be associated with job satisfaction. The link between organizational ethics and job satisfaction is argued from Viswesvaran et al.'s (1998) organizational justice and cognitive dissonance theories. The findings imply that organizational leaders can favorably influence organizational outcomes by engaging in, supporting and rewarding ethical behavior.