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151.
There have been more and more accidents in the world. Since 1919, numerous accident causation theories (models) have been proposed. However, due to the complexity of previous accident causation models, it cannot avoid accidents effectively. The liners cannot understand the logical relationship between these causations and apply them in practice. The author and the group think that one of the methods used in preventing accidents is to enable people to remember the cause of an accident (namely, human errors) and do the right thing. We offer 24Model (human-thinking, simple and easy-applying) to conduct people to do the right thing for avoiding the accidents. While using the 24Model to explicitly analyze the causes of accidents and then store them in a database in split fields, the statistical law governing accident causation can be deduced. To prevent accidents, Gui Fu and the group call for open data of accident causations for the future preventions. The accumulation and sharing of safety knowledge could promote the safety behaviors, and thus create a safety culture that safety is about doing the right thing. Keypoints: (a) The three kinds and source of unsafe acts directly triggering accidents and disasters are described. (b) The model is a simple, but comprehensive, analytical framework for integrating the findings from accidents. (c) The model can be used to analysis the causes of accidents, form a logical body of accident causes and store them in a database in split fields to enable people to remember and know them. Precis: The unsafe acts arise from the lack of cognition and assessment on hazardous situations, such situations can be improved by reinforcing the safety knowledge of the employees to identify hazards. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog: e12044 2019 相似文献
152.
Aija Leiponen 《战略管理杂志》2008,29(13):1371-1394
This empirical study of business‐to‐business service firms examines the determinants and effects of control rights to intellectual assets in a property rights theoretic framework. Regression analyses using survey data suggest that service suppliers that retain control over their intellectual output are more innovative. In long‐term relationships, service firms' clients may thus be better off balancing their need to control outsourced activities with the suppliers' incentives to invest in learning and innovation. Additionally, and aligned with property rights theoretic predictions, service suppliers' bargaining power and their indispensability in service projects are positively associated with their ability to retain control rights. In contrast, innovation capabilities are not very significant in determining control rights allocation between service suppliers and their clients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
153.
154.
组织变革中的企业内分工--对Becker-Murphy分工模型的扩展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立在亚当.斯密分工理论基础之上的经典的企业组织形式,从20世纪80年代开始发生了动摇。团队生产、多任务的小组(或者个人)的生产组织形式开始在企业中出现并不断扩展。然而这种组织变革的发生难以用传统的分工理论来解释。本文通过对Becker-Murphy分工模型的扩展,说明组织变革发生的原因。发现在分工深化的同时协调成本的上升,以及协调成本背后知识的分工与整合,是企业内分工或者说企业组织变革的主要原因。 相似文献
155.
Using policy capture methodology, this study examines the effect of different contextual cues upon the know-how transfer efforts reported by 79 biotechnology R&D scientists. Theoretically, these different cues are believed to affect the scientists' expectation of reciprocity, and thus their know-how transfer behavior. Three types of contextual cues between the know-how source and recipient were studied: competitiveness, social relationship, and within or across firm boundaries. We find these cues are associated, in the expected directions, with know-how transfer effort. The findings support a general theory of reciprocity whereby social, competitive, and firm boundary cues have a summative effect upon the expectation of reciprocity and know-how transfer. This is the first study to examine how these cues taken together influence the know-how transfer decision. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
156.
为落实国家发改委《关于深入推进煤炭交易市场体系建设的指导意见》,重构、推进和完善煤炭交易市场体系,对其蕴涵的战略考量予以适度阐释,对其所处的环境及问题进行透视,并就中国煤炭交易市场体系建设提出构建方略。 相似文献
157.
Dirk C. Moosmayer Bjoern Schuppar Florian U. Siems 《Journal of Supply Chain Management》2012,48(1):92-106
Price negotiations in supply chain relationships often take place during annual pricing reviews. This study integrates transaction cost economics and reference price thinking from consumer behavior to understand better how a seller's reservation price, aspiration price, and initial price offering might influence the ultimate settlement price. We apply ridge regression to negotiation data from 282 business relationships of a German chemicals supplier with customers in six client industries. Overall, the three determinants explain 86 percent of the variation in the settlement price. A seller's reservation price is substantially less important than the aspiration price or the initial price offering. Although this outcome can be explained via a reference price perspective, transaction cost economics theory helps clarify the industry differences that determine the impact of reservation prices and initial price offerings on settlement prices. 相似文献
158.
Amrit Tiwana 《战略管理杂志》2008,29(7):769-780
Although control is presumed to be necessary to curb opportunism, its implementation in alliances can be costly and challenging. Paradoxically, some contemporary firms have counterintuitively developed successful alliances without extensive formal control. A widespread but untested assertion that might help reconcile this contradiction is that technological modularity reduces the need for alliance control. The objective of this study is to develop and test this assertion. Using data from 120 software outsourcing alliances, we show that, process control, outcome control, and modularity independently enhance alliance performance. However modularity and control are imperfect substitutes: modularity lowers the influence of process control but not of outcome control on alliance performance. Our theoretical development and empirical testing of the interactions of alliance control with modularity has significant implications for strategy theory and practice, which are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
159.
基于云模型的动态物流过程知识表示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以提高物流过程管理实时优化调度的智能性和科学性为突破口,引入云模型和知识工程的知识表示理论,提出一种基于云模型的物流过程的知识表示法。通过云模型的期望值、熵和超熵三个数字特征有效地表达定性概念,并实现定性和定量的不确定转换,从而描述具有动态特点和一定非确定性的物流过程知识。 相似文献
160.
文章利用CNKI软件,对2000~2020年公开发表在核心合集数据库中以主题词为“城市应急”或含主题词为“应急物流”的文献进行可视化分析,最终以科学知识图谱的形式展示了应急物流研究的研究主体、学科分布、文献共被引和研究热点等情况。通过研究分析表明:2003~2012年间,国内应急物流的研究出现繁荣期,在该时间段内发文量最多,文献影响力最高,主要是以应急物资管理及配送路径作为切入点;而国际应急物流研究中emergency response的研究处于最核心的位置,侧重于模型优化、启发式算法以及救援管理等角度的研究。总体而言,国际上注重多学科交叉和微观尺度,关于应急物流的研究应用性更强。 相似文献