试论安全生产工作中的人机关系

在生产工作中，一切活动都是人和机器去完成各项建设任务而取得经济效益。人和机器相互作用、相互联系，构成了人机系统，任何一个人机系统都必须满足“安全、高效、经济”的综合效能。在人机系统中，人和机器有它自身的独立性和功能，他们不是简单的机械混合，而是相互作用、相互依赖、相互共存的有机整体。所以，在安全生产工作中，应根据人机系统中人机所具备的优越性，进行合理的分工。     

Co‐Worker Exclusion and Employee Outcomes: An Investigation of the Moderating Roles of Perceived Organizational and Social Support

When does social support alleviate or exacerbate the effects of being excluded by colleagues in the workplace? This study integrates belongingness and social support theories to predict and demonstrate the differential effects of work‐related support (i.e., perceived organizational support; POS) and non‐work‐related support (i.e., family and social support; FSS) on employee reactions to co‐worker exclusion. Consistent with our predictions, we found that employees reporting high levels of co‐worker exclusion and high levels of perceived organizational support demonstrate higher levels of performance and increased levels of self‐worth than those reporting low levels of POS. Alternatively, support from family or friends intensified the negative relationship between co‐worker exclusion and self‐esteem and the positive relationship between co‐worker exclusion and job‐induced tension. Unexpectedly, FSS did not influence the supervisor‐rated task performance of excluded workers, nor did POS mitigate the relationship between co‐worker exclusion and job‐induced tension. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.     

农民工职业认同：构念与实证--基于广东南海部分农民工的调查与分析

文章基于对广东省佛山市南海区284名外来农民工的量表调查,进行了信度检验、分层面因子分析、结构效度检验和验证性因子分析,结果表明,农民工职业认同由职业价值、职业情感、职业学习和职业态度构成,各维度的内部一致性、相关性、方差解释率、特征值以及模型拟合指数均达到理想水平,显示出良好的信度和效度。与以往对其他群体职业认同的研究结果不同,“职业学习”是农民工职业认同的重要组成部分之一,表明了农民工群体的特殊性。可见,强化农民工的职业培训和教育,对于提升农民工的职业认同具有特别重要的意义。     

农民工就业培训需求与制度创新——对北京和宁波两地农民工的调查分析

对农民工进行就业培训是提高其人力资本和顺利转移农村劳动力的重要途径。本文依据北京和宁波两地农民工的实证调研资料，运用Linear probability model对农民工就业培训需求的影响因素进行了计量分析，研究表明：农民工个体差异会影响其培训需求，农民工的迁移意愿对其培训需求的影响更为突出。进而分析了我国现行的制度因素对农民工迁移意愿和培训需求的影响，提出了几点制度创新的建议。     

Worker participation in Barbados: contemporary practice and prospects

This paper explores the impact of several factors on current participation practice and the willingness of employers to introduce participation at work. Data were obtained from a cross-section of 93 organisations, obtained from a stratified sample of 200 organisations from various industries in Barbados.

Organisational size, industrial origin and union presence were not significant determinants of current participation practice. However, a cost reduction strategy was negatively associated with current participation governing management of people. Innovation-based strategies were positively related to willingness to introduce participation regarding the management of people. Perceived participation outcomes such as job satisfaction, increased joint benefits and reduced absenteeism were associated with current participation regarding the management of people as well as willingness to extend participation in the same area.     

Migrants’ well-being during the global financial crisis: Economic and social predictors

This paper investigates the economic and social predictors affecting the well-being of temporary migrants before, during and after the financial crisis. Exploiting unique panel data which cover migration spells from Tajikistan to Russia between 2001 and 2011, we find that migrants earn less but stay longer in the destination during the crisis; at the same time, they become more exposed to illegal work relations, harassment and deportation through the Russian authorities. The overall income loss can be attributed to wage cuts and to rising illegal employment that is generally poorly paid. Despite the similarities in the demographics and jobs of migrant workers, we find substantial heterogeneity in how the financial crisis affects their well-being. Migrants who experience wage losses during the crisis rationally stop migrating.     

US immigration policies and dynamics of cross‐border workforce in agriculture

Given the contentious debate on immigration, this study develops a dynamic model to analyse the effects of stricter border and domestic enforcement and streamlining the guest‐worker programme on cross‐border migration from Mexico, employment and production in US labour‐intensive and Mexican agriculture and the US and Mexican wage rates. The model incorporates labour‐leisure decisions of Mexican workers and labour market dynamics and linkages. The findings show stricter border and domestic controls exacerbate the labour‐shortage problems and reduce the US agricultural production. Streamlining the guest‐worker programme provides a steady supply of farm workers and has negligible impact on the US wage.     

Recalculating the agricultural labor force in China

In this study, we use a hypothetical method to recalculate the agricultural labor force based on statistical data on the labor force in China. We confirm the revised agricultural labor force data by estimating the agricultural production function. Through comparing the marginal labor productivity with the subsistence level of wages in the agricultural sector, we find that the overstated figures of agricultural labor force not only result in the underestimation of agricultural labor productivity but also are misleading by indicating that China reaches the Lewis turning point later than in actuality. The process of labor transfer in China, a large part of which is through rural migrant workers, has been much faster than expected.     

人力资本对返乡农民工收入增长的影响研究

本文基于对2007年从沿海发达地区大城市回流到欠发达地区的农村、小城镇工作的3026位农民工的调查数据,运用改进后的明瑟尔收入模型,估计出农民工在城市打工与返乡发展两种情况下的人力资本收益率。证明了农民工在城市打工的人力资本收益率要低于其返乡之后的收益率;验证了农民工在城市打工时,人力资本从深度与广度上都被低估,而返乡之后,人力资本能够得到相应报偿,从而收入获得增长的设想。     

劳动者与厂商互动区位选择均衡分析——基于技术扩散的微观基础

技术扩散模型一直是区域经济研究的一个重要方面,但是已有模型均缺乏微观经济基础。通过对劳动者和厂商最大化行为的研究,建立了互动区位选择模型,结果表明劳动者为选择最优居住区位而流动进入企业引起的技术扩散将影响厂商的区位选择。