Clean labeling: Is it about the presence of benefits or the absence of detriments? Consumer response to personal care claims

The personal care industry is gradually shifting its promises toward health and environment-based messages, promoting either the addition of beneficial ingredients or processes or the removal of potentially deleterious additives or procedures. However, prior research has failed to encapsulate and organize the plethora of claims and to link consumer concerns, knowledge, and the influence of prosocial norms to attitude and purchase intention. This study examines the impact of absence- and presence-framed claims referring either to health or environmental friendliness on attitude and behavioral intention toward personal care products. It also explores differences in consumer profiles (concerning health, the environment, appearance, peer pressure, or disparate levels of front-of-package literacy). Using a framework based on Ajzen (1985) theory of planned behavior enriched with variables such as personal altruistic and egoistic concerns, claim credibility, and attitude, this study shows the superiority of absence-versus presence-framed claims for health and environment-based messages. Both claims pertaining to the environment and to health generate a positive attitude and are powerful in further converting it into buying intention.     

绿色农产品数字化标识与品牌战略协同研究

[目的]农业品牌化已经成为农业现代化的核心标志。数字化标识在推动农产品品牌建设等方面提供了数字信息与技术支撑,但对于二者之间的协同仍缺乏系统科学的研究。[方法]文章通过文献梳理、对比分析、案例分析等方法,明确绿色农产品数字化标识与品牌战略的概念,分析我国绿色农产品数字化标识与品牌战略发展过程中的成效和存在的问题,提出促进我国绿色农产品数字化标识与品牌战略协同对策。[结果]（1）明确了绿色农产品数字化标识与品牌战略的内涵、外延和协同关联;以协同理论为基础,提出了绿色农产品数字化标识与品牌战略的协同思路和机制;指出绿色农产品数字化标识提升农业品牌战略和价值,农业品牌战略促进绿色农产品数字化标识创新升级。（2）我国绿色农产品数字化标识与品牌战略协同取得明显成效,但仍存在农业标准体系不够健全完善、结构不尽合理、农产品质量认证体系和认证管理制度不规范等问题。[结论]加强环境建设、可追溯系统平台标准体系和技术建设、自主创新研发应用、品牌宣传营销、试点工作等,可促进绿色农产品数字化与品牌战略协同。     

Food Labels’ Impact Assessment on Consumer Purchasing Behavior in Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to validate the impact of food labels among Malaysian consumers using an extended theory of planned behavior model (TPB). In doing so, the study assessed the direct and indirect effect of food labeling on consumer intention to purchase or otherwise the food products of interest. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting 2,014 consumers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The results of structural equation modeling supported the adequacy of the proposed model. This study contributes to and extends the understanding of food labeling and purchasing behavior, identifying the rationales for purchasing of food products with labels that contains information such as halal logo, ingredients, and nutritive value.     

消费者意愿及地方政府行为对农户种植行为的影响机制

基于\"经济人\"假设和外部性原理,建立政府、农户及消费者之间的三方博弈模型,考量地方政府检查策略下的生态补贴与惩罚措施以及质量标签策略对农户种植行为的影响行为.结果表明:地方政府的生态补贴政策与农药超标罚款政策对农户的生态种植行为具有促进作用,其监管效率受上级政府检查力度以及社会舆论的影响;而实施质量标签策略可以提升农户选择生态种植行为的收益,促使农户种植行为的选择转变;消费者对质量安全的敏感性会提高其进行生态产品购买的动因,倒逼农户进行生态种植.     

Getting rid of trans fats in the US diet: Policies, incentives and progress

Artificial trans fats in foods increase chronic disease risk in the US population. Federal nutrition label regulation enacted in 2003 requires mandatory disclosure of trans fat content on packaged foods. This action created incentives for the food industry to reduce trans fats both in response to consumer demand and through competition to maintain product reputation. Subsequent public actions include a ban on trans fat use in New York city restaurants and lawsuits against food companies, which created further incentives to remove trans fats, especially in the food service industry. Industry has reformulated packaged foods and found substitutes for restaurant fry oils and trans fats are disappearing from the US food supply. Market response extends throughout the supply chain, and has spurred research to alter oilseed crop characteristics. The widespread and relatively rapid industry response likely has improved the quality of US diets, and demonstrates the potential for policy actions to spur such improvements.     

转基因食品标签管制方式的经济学分析

目前各国对转基因食品采取了“不加贴标签”、“自愿加贴标签”以及“强制性加贴柝签”等三种标签管制方式。本文应用消费者拟线性效用函数模型,对强制性加贴标签管制方式对消费者福利的影响进行了深入探讨。在此基础上通过对现有三种标签管制方式的比较分析,确定了各种标签管制方式实施的条件与影响,并认为在我国现有条件下,只要检测成本不高到难以承受的地步,对转基因食品应采取强制加贴标签管制方式。     

基于统计的2-D人脸形状模型的建立

针对人脸面部特征提取技术是自动视觉翻译和人脸识别中的关键技术之一,介绍了基于统计的人脸形状模型建立原理。利用有标志点的图像训练集变化模式的先验知识而建立模型的方法能够将人脸形状的变化限制在合理的范围内,并能够充分表征人脸特征,实验证明该方法是有效的。     

北京发展节能环保汽车的节能减排效果分析

发展节能环保汽车和低碳汽车是北京降低机动车能源消耗和尾气排放的重要技术经济措施。北京新增私家车中如果70%为节能汽车,全年可节油4.64至4.89万吨。如果按照欧Ⅴ排放标准修订环境标志汽车污染物排放限值标准,可使环境标志汽车NOX排放量较目前水平降低25%。低碳汽车应具有更先进的节能和环保特性。政府可通过财政补贴和税收优惠手段促进消费者优先购买使用节能环保汽车和低碳汽车。     

一种二值图像连通区域标记的简单快速算法

针对传统二值图像连通区域标记需要对图像进行两次扫描的缺点,提出了一钟新的二值图像连通区域标记算法。算法借助创建一与图像等大的标记矩阵,通过深度优先搜索算法对图像进行一次扫描后,将标记编号记录在标记矩阵中。此算法不受连通区域的形状和面积影响,表现出了良好的鲁棒性。最后通过OpenCV对该算法进行了实现并与传统标记算法进行了时间性能比较。