Minutes of Spring Council Meeting, 1965, of the Catholic Economic Association

This research compares perceived organizational support to work–family balance measures and policies in various work environments to determine whether the organizational context can be a mediating variable or whether the social economy sector, with its mission and management approach (participatory decision-making) might have an influence on organizational support to work–family balance. We studied the social economy sector and compared findings with three other sectors in the public service that have a public service mission but not the same democratic or participatory management mode: a metropolitan police service, social work, and nursing, all in the same city. Our research identifies many significant differences between the four sectors, essentially owing to the characteristics of the social economy sector. In addition to our quantitative research, we conducted interviews (36) in the sector and results indicate that the specificity of the social economy sector, i.e. mission and management mode, explain the overriding concern for work–life balance in the social economy sector.     

Low-Wage Labor Markets and the Power of Suggestion

The paper argues that a non-binding minimum wage may serve as a focal point which facilities tacit collusion by low-wage employers, effectively pulling down wages of the lowest-paid workers. This can explain the puzzle as to why the minimum wage does not reduce employment, as predicted by the traditional economic theory. A simple game-theoretic argument explains when collusion emerges. The hypothesis is tested using the 1990–2002 CPS data on service occupation workers. The results suggest that during this period, on average 19.3%, and as much as 31% of service occupation workers, who earned minimum wage or less, could had been affected by collusive wage-setting.     

The Impact Of Information Technology On High-Skilled Labor In Services: Evidence From Firm-Level Panel Data ∗

This paper analyses the link between the high-skilled employment share and the level of investment in information technology (IT) in the service production process. The analysis is based on an unbalanced panel data set for 933 West German firms over the period 1994–1996. To account for firms which do not employ high-skilled labor. proxied by university graduates. fixed and random effects Tobit models are applied. We investigate whether the impoflance of IT varies across subsectors by allowing coefficients to differ across the main service sector industries. The empirical evidence indicates that firms with a higher IT investment to output ratio employ a laier fraction of high-skilled workers. However the size of the IT effect on skill intensity is rather small.     

The Effects of Consumer Bliss on Welfare Economics

Some developed countries have sought to counteract what they see as unfair competition faced by their domestic industries arising from the employment of child labor in the production of consumer goods in developing countries by including a "social clause" in the World Trade Organization (WTO) charter. Many people and civil society organizations in developed countries are also genuinely concerned with child labor employment purely on humanitarian grounds. In this paper we have argued that a more appropriate approach to tackle the child labor problem would be to facilitate acceleration of growth in developing countries through greater, not less, integration of these countries into the world trading system. We have also argued that directing development assistance for improving institutions and social infrastructure would be more effective than trade sanctions.     

The Affluent Society after Twenty-five Years

This paper places Commons and his friend, Edward Alsworth Ross, in the context of the attack by Richard T. Ely and Lester Frank Ward on a conception of history that attributed all progress in human welfare to natural processes — Darwinian natural selection and market mechanisms. According to this conception, interference with these natural processes would be counterproductive. Ward, a confirmed Darwinian, coined the term "artificial selection" when he proposed an alternate conception that attributed most progress to the disciplined application of human intelligence. Ross adapted Ward's artificial-natural distinction to the problem of social order, arguing that random variation and survival of the fittest can generate social controls that preserve order in small communities, but that only artificial social controls can keep order in complex societies. Ross's distinction made its way into the Legal Foundations of Capitalism and Institutional Economics where Commons focused on the evolution of what Ross labeled artificial social controls — laws governing the wage bargain and the behavior of corporations. In the process Commons confronted the problem of deliberation, the problem of obtaining intelligent actions and decisions from passionate, biased humans organized in democratic societies.     

累进性劳动所得税、失业波动与内生稳定器——一个动态新凯恩斯主义的视角

将累进性劳动所得税引入NKMP—DSGE模型中考察失业波动与累进性税收的宏观效应。贝叶斯脉冲响应函数表明,外生冲击对于就业与失业具有不同的冲击效应,因而忽略失业可能引起结论的偏误;失业的贝叶斯冲击分解结果表明,货币政策冲击是推动我国失业波动最重要的力量,并且我国劳动力市场存在显在的“失业回滞”。进一步,通过模型比较发现,累进性劳动所得税具有内生稳定器的作用。在失业问题日益严峻的背景下,采用对劳动力市场做出反应的货币政策机制以降低失业,并使用内生稳定器缓和经济波动,将可能实现降低失业与缓和经济波动的双重效果。     

中国铁路行业产出变化的驱动因素——基于2005—2012年面板数据的实证研究

基于"索洛余值"法建立扩展型索洛模型,利用灰色关联分析方法计算模型的弹性系数,利用2005—2012年中国铁路行业的面板数据,计算了技术进步、政府投资、非政府投资和劳动力投入等对铁路行业产出增长的贡献率,并分析了中国《中长期铁路网规划》颁布实施以来铁路行业产出变化的驱动因素。得出结论:近年来中国铁路行业的巨大成就与技术进步和政府投资密不可分,政府的大规模投资和支持已帮助中国铁路企业步入以技术进步和创新为主导的内生驱动式发展阶段,技术进步已成为影响中国铁路行业产出增长的最重要因素。     

非全日制用工制度下劳动者的权益保护

随着社会的不断发展、市场经济体系的不断健全和完善,我国的劳动力供求关系也在发生着变化。非全日制用工作为一种新的灵活用工形式出现在我国城市劳动力就业形态中。非全日制用工的迅猛发展暴露出许多不完善之处,让用人单位有机可乘,钻法律的空子,使劳动者的合法权益遭到损害。     

抽象劳动、简单劳动与复杂劳动

虽然人们是在商品经济时代才认识到抽象劳动,但抽象劳动并不与商品经济属于同样的历史范畴。当人们说复杂劳动是多倍的简单劳动时,其实也是从抽象劳动的意义上来说的。这是因为,复杂劳动与简单劳动都有很多具体的形式。显然,复杂劳动与简单劳动的通约也只能是在抽象劳动上而不能是在具体劳动上。在商品的交换中,复杂劳动换算为复合的简单劳动是很清楚的。如果复杂劳动不能换算为简单劳动,那么,复杂劳动的产品就不能用简单劳动的产品——黄金来支付,从而也就不可能有价格和用于交换。而随着人类劳动力的发展和社会进步,一方面简单劳动的内涵会有所提高,另一方面,复杂劳动也必然日益向简单劳动转化。     

外来劳动力挤占了本地市民的收入吗?———基于城市规模视角简

城市增长具有规模效应和拥挤效应。不同城市规模下,进入城市的外来劳动力与本地市民既可能形成分工合作关系,促进本地市民收入增长;又可能形成竞争替代关系,导致本地市民收入下降。文章使用中国社会综合调查开放数据库（CGSS2008）中城市抽样调查数据,研究发现外来劳动力流入对特大城市本地市民工资的影响不显著,而外来劳动力每增加1％就会使省会级大城市本地市民的年薪提高1．46％,中小城市本地市民的年薪下降0．83％。因此,外来人口与城市本地市民之间的关系表现为,特大城市互补效应与替代效应同时并存,大城市（省会）表现为互补效应强于替代效应,中小城市则替代效应强于互补效应。