师承古今的复仇——论东北沦陷区复仇主题文学对中国复仇思想的继承

本文通过对日伪统治时期东北沦陷区文学的考察,对东北作家文学创作中的复仇问题进行整理后,将东北沦陷区文学中与复仇相关的作品作为主要研究对象,对其文学的主要内涵从继承古代复仇文学与五.四新文学创作的角度进行阐释。     

Seasonal Trading and Lifestyle Motivation

ABSTRACT

This article explores relationships between tourism sea-sonality and the lifestyle motivations of small tourism businesses, fundamentally a supply-side perspective of seasonality. Seasonal trading decisions are subject to a number of influences, not all of which are in the operator's control. Drawing from exploratory research undertaken in Scotland, the article argues that for some operators, especially located in rural and peripheral destination areas, lifestyle enterprise can confer a range of benefits, some of which are afforded by operating the business on a seasonal basis. Moreover, seasonal trading was seen to assume a number of distinct roles, reflecting various characteristics of lifestyle operators. Accordingly, public policies that seek to promote seasonal extension based on the premise of local economic development or destination objectives are not necessarily destined to work. This is particularly pertinent if such policies do not recognise the wider supply-side dynamics of seasonal trading and fail to engage with the lifestyle aspirations of the operators themselves.     

Book Reviews

This paper explores the ways in which tourism development has resulted in new and competing forms of territoriality in the Peruvian Andes. In a predominantly subsistence economy, the income opportunities offered by tourism have intensified conflicts relating to territorial control. Analysis focuses on a dispute between the direction of the Lake Titicaca National Reserve and the Uros, an indigenous group living within the Reserve. Both have attempted to enforce their authority over the Reserve’s territory in order to control tourism flows and revenues. The Uros strive for the establishment of their own Communal Reserve, creating a new territorial division based on ethnic criteria. The elaboration of contradicting tourism use plans has created multiple normative frameworks used by both parties to support their claims for authority over the contested territory.     

Public–private partnerships for nature-based tourist attractions: the failure of Seal Rocks

In 1998, the Seal Rocks Sea Life Centre opened on Phillip Island, Australia. It was a public–private partnership, with a privately funded tourist attraction built on a government-owned protected area. Almost immediately it was beset by problems and court action found in favour of the private developer, who was awarded $A37 million in damages, with ownership of the centre returning to the state. This article fills a gap in the literature examining public–private partnerships by considering this failed venture. It is a qualitative case study, analysing the 2003 appeal court judgement in the case and newspaper accounts from 1995 to 2004. Our findings highlight that deficiencies with the drafting of commercial contracts for public–private partnerships may limit the environmental and economic benefits that are being sought by governments through these arrangements. In this case, the application of a “best efforts” clause was critical, as it required that priority was given to the commercial success of the project over environmental and planning concerns. Furthermore, the development was a centralised decision made by the state government, affording very little input from local parks management and community stakeholders. Such a court finding has important ramifications for future developments of partnership agreements in nature-based tourism.     

发展劳务经济促进小康建设--提高安徽农村居民收入的思考

农民收入低下是安徽农村小康建设的难点。根据安徽省的资源禀赋和农村剩余劳动力存量大的现状,因势利导发展劳务经济既是提高我省农民收入的现实需要,也必将对加快安徽全面小康的进程起到积极的推动作用。     

构建与主体功能区建设相协调的财政转移支付制度研究

本文在明确界定财政转移支付的概念及其分类的基础上,详细阐述了建立与主体功能区建设相协调的转移支付制度的必要性,然后深刻剖析现行转移支付制度在满足主体功能区上的缺陷与不足,最后结合我国实际情况,提出了构建与主体功能区建设相协调的财政转移支付制度的政策建议。     

Farmland prices and land-use changes in periurban protected natural areas

This paper provides empirical and conceptual insights in analysing the factors that determine the prices of farmland within Protected Natural Areas that are close to densely populated urban areas, the changes in land use experiences as well as the additional control policies needed to curb this unsustainable trend.The Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve nearby the metropolitan area of Bilbao (Basque Country, Spain) is the case study considered and its bordering non-protected rural area is used as a reference for comparison. A spatial hedonic farmland price model is estimated and the willingness of land purchasers to pay for different farmland characteristics quantified both inside and outside the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve. The main results are that: (1) residential development is taking place in all categories of farmland, (2) aside from neighbouring prices, farmland prices depend on different factors depending on whether the marketed plots stand inside or outside the Protected Natural Area, (3) the “reserve effect” on land prices is less powerful than the “proximity to the metropolitan area (and motorway) effect” observed from villages of the non-protected area located in the 3rd crown of Bilbao, (4) the reasons for farmers non-compliance with policy regulations is the necessary knowledge base for the farmland conservation policy design and (5) in the light of the results, three development-control policy instruments such as Payments for Ecosystem Services, Tradable Planning Permits and development-taxes are discussed considering the factors that could improve compliance.     

开放基础教育对老城区经济拉动的调查与分析

目前沈阳市部分老城区发展存在瓶颈：地区人口流动性差，老龄化相对严重，人口素质较低，如何解决这些制约瓶颈，实现经济社会的可持续发展是当前各界关注的热点问题。以沈阳市中心城区和平区为例，通过对和平区八经街道办事处管辖范围区域存在问题的分析，找出制约瓶颈，提出新思路：从教育入手，通过开放沈阳市优势基础教育，实现沈阳与周边城区教育资源共享，以教育带动区域经济、社会、文化的全面发展，为促进“大沈阳”建设作出贡献。     

Free trade: what are the terms-of-trade effects?

Changes in trade policy affect a nation’s economic welfare through terms-of-trade and volume-of-trade effects. A move to global free trade would imply higher world economic welfare equal to the sum of all nations’ volume-of-trade, or efficiency, effects. Since the sum of the terms-of-trade effects across all nations is zero, terms-of-trade effects are contentious. Konishi, Kowalczyk and Sjöström (2003) have shown that if customs unions do not affect trade with non-member countries, immediate global free could be achieved if free trade were proposed together with international sidepayments equal to the terms of trade effects. How large would these terms of trade effects, and hence transfers, be? This paper presents estimates from a simple computable general equilibrium model of a world economy of perfect competition. We show that, in some cases, terms-of-trade effects are small compared to efficiency gains, and transfers are not necessary for free trade. In other cases, terms-of-trade gains may account for more than 50% of a country’s gains from free trade and transfers could be large.