The relative importance of the PMBOK® Guide's nine Knowledge Areas during project planning

Although A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)—Fourth Edition identifies nine Knowledge Areas that project managers should focus on while managing projects, it does not indicate the relative importance of each of these Knowledge Areas. However, such information can be of great significance in helping project managers determine how to use their available resources most effectively. This article investigates the relative importance of the project management Knowledge Areas used during the planning phase of a project and their impact on project success. Results presented in this article are based on a field study that involved 783 project managers from different countries and industries. The study revealed that the Knowledge Areas with the greatest impact on project success were Time, Risk, Scope, and Human Resources. However, these results have been found to be sensitive to the industry in which projects were undertaken. Differences among industries are described and discussed in the article.     

关注农村环境问题

乡共同发展 ,共建和谐社会是我们的期盼。但是目前我国广大农村存在着乡镇企业的“三废”污染、乱施农药、滥施化肥、城市固体废弃物堆放等较为严重的环境问题。这些环境问题在一定程度上已经成为农村经济发展的羁绊。因此 ,在新的地球日来临之际 ,呼吁关注农村环境问题     

经济开发区投资环境因素研究

经济开发区投资环境影响因素是分析、提升开发区投资环境的关键。本文从受资者角度、投资者、地区政府3方面分析探索开发区投资环境的影响因素。这3方面有共性,也有差异。     

新农村建设中农民对公共产品的供给意愿研究——基于河北省644个农户的调查

对河北省644个农户的调查结果表明，农村公共产品供给具有较强的政府依赖性，农民参与意愿普遍较低；村集体成为农民视角的村级公共产品的主要供给主体；农民合作供给和市场化供给也成为农民的重要选择。文章提出了增强农民供给意愿，构建供给主体多元化格局的政策建议。     

城市化给城郊失地农民带来的迷茫——基于桂林市的实证分析

城市化给城郊结合部带来了先进的物质文明，但无形中吞噬了农村用地，也在无意中侵蚀了农民的精神意识。文章针对桂林城郊结合部失地农民的精神文化生活，通过实地调查研究，描述现实中失地农民的精神生活状况，揭示失地农民精神生活突显的社会问题，在此基础上提出了相关建议。     

发展草食动物促进云南山区经济发展

云南是个多山省份，地貌、气侯等自然条件适宜不同野生植物的生长和饲草作物的栽培，且具务发展草食动物养殖的科研及技术基础。根据不同地域的自然和经济条件，因地制宜发展草食动物，以多种模式发展草食动物养殖，改变不合理的传统饲养方式，在加强饲料基地建设，提高养殖效率和载畜量，重视特产经济野生动物养殖，同时抓好产品的深加工和精加工，提高产品的附加值。必将促进云南山区经济的振兴和发展。     

经济欠发达地区农村集中居住的现状、问题与对策——以苏北为例

推行农村集中居住，搞好农村规划，是解决三农问题的有效途径之一，是实现城乡经济可持续发展的必然要求。通过调查发现在经济欠发达的苏北地区推行农村集中居住进程中存在许多难以解决问题：如土地调整问题、宅基地置换问题、基础设施及住房建设的资金来源问题等。针对这些问题，文章提出了创立多元化资金筹措机制、强化农村基础设施建设、全面实行农村最低生活保障制度、做好产业支撑等对策，充分尊重农民意愿，引导农民集中居住等对策。     

欠发达地区村干部素质实证分析——基于铜仁地区

在我国西部欠发达、欠开发地区，农村基层组织建设取得了一定成绩，村干部队伍结构得到了一定改善，具有推动工作的基础，但村干部队伍整体素质较低，与新时期党的农村工作要求不相适应，需及时采取有效措施，完善机制，加强指导，培训提高，才能更好地在社会主义新农村建设中发挥作用。     

山东省烟威地区农村经济可持续发展的公平性研究

烟威地区农村经济发展中内部经济发展不平衡带来代内不公平现象明显；提高农村经济发展效率的同时，对公平却造成了重大的冲击，如过度消耗自然资源、污染环境等，影响到后代人发展对环境资源的需求，在代际之间产生了不公平现象。在坚持可持续发展中应以合理布局、横向联合、政策倾斜、兼并带动、以点带面、提供援助等措施来维系代内公平。依法实现渔业资源、土地资源、水资源、矿产资源、生物资源等资源的持续利用，以实现代际公平。     

The materiality of country-specific geographic segment disclosures

SFAS 131 (1997) substantially changed geographic segment reporting in the United States by requiring disclosures to be made by individual foreign country when operations in an individual country are material. Although SFAS 14 (1976) provided a quantitative threshold for determining separately reportable segments, SFAS 131 provides no guidance for determining when operations in an individual country are material. In SAB 99 (1999), the SEC reminds firms that exclusive reliance on quantitative benchmarks to assess materiality is inappropriate; qualitative factors also should be considered.Using financial analysts as subjects, we conduct an experiment to examine two possible benchmarks for determining the materiality of operations in an individual foreign country: (1) the percent of total operations located in an individual country (a quantitative benchmark) and (2) the level of risk associated with the country in which the operations are located (a qualitative benchmark). The results indicate that across two regions both the magnitude of operations and the level of country risk significantly affect financial analysts’ judgments about firm risk. However, the effect that the magnitude of specific country operations has on risk assessment does not apply to countries of relatively high and relatively low risk. These results suggest that, although materiality is often evaluated in quantitative terms, the qualitative criterion of country risk may dominate in importance.