江苏制造业的关键竞争策略及其演变

以216家江苏制造业企业为样本,运用问卷调查的方法,识别波特基本竞争战略中对企业绩效有显著正向影响的关键竞争策略,同时考察关键竞争策略随企业生命周期的演变。研究结果表明,企业实施的每种竞争战略都有一种或多种关键竞争策略;企业为取得竞争优势需重点关注处于价值链不同环节的关键竞争策略。如果企业目标以财务绩效为中心,应侧重价值链制造环节的效率提高、流程创新和成本费用控制;如果企业目标以市场绩效为中心,则应重点关注价值链研究与开发环节的产品创新、品质和性能提升;不论那种绩效目标,对营销环节的顾客服务、广告的重视都是必须的。这些关键竞争策略随企业生命周期演变,多数关键竞争策略的强度存在显著差异,并呈现不断增强的趋势。     

Policies for Enhancing Corporate Environmental Management: a Framework and an Applied Example

This paper develops a four‐phase schematic representation dubbed the CEM lifecycle for conceptualizing how corporate environmental management (CEM) programs typically evolve in a given organization and then explicates the forces that influence corporate commitment as a CEM program progresses from inception to later phases of the CEM lifecycle. Examples are then presented on how the Singaporean government encourages enhancement of CEM programs by designing support programs that target the underlying corporate needs inherent to the first three CEM lifecycle phases. The examples provided in this paper of Singaporean CEM support programs illustrate how policy can be strategically designed to improve corporate uptake of CEM programs by enhancing CEM knowledge in the initial phase of the CEM lifecycle, providing technical support in the second lifecycle phase and providing opportunities for public recognition in the third lifecycle phase. The article concludes that replicating the strategic approach to policymaking exemplified in the Singaporean case study can significantly improve the competitiveness of domestic firms through encouraging more efficient use of resources; however, in order to design truly sustainable economies (provide for the needs of future generations), governments must be prepared to more coercively regulate the exploitation of natural endowments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

生育女性人力资本存量变动轨迹研究

由于生育行为可能带来人力资本存量贬损,故生育女性的人力资本存量变动轨迹不同于男性和不生育的女性。作为人力资本存量贬损的高发人群,生育女性应对贬损的研究迫在眉睫,该群体应对贬损的策略有防范型和补偿型两种。本文以人力资本承载者在经济生命周期内人力资本存量变动规律为基础,探讨了生育对女性人力资本存量的影响,描绘了伴随生育行为的不同人力资本市场进入选择下的人力资本存量变动轨迹,并提出了生育女性应对人力资本存量贬损的策略。     

Accounting for age in marital search decisions

Spouse quality, measured by educational attainment, varies significantly with the age at which an individual marries, peaking in the mid-twenties then declining through the early-forties. Interestingly, this decline is much sharper for women than men, meaning women increasingly marry less educated men as they age. Moreover, quality has worsened for educated women over several decades, while it has improved for men. Using a non-stationary sequential search model, we identify and quantify the search frictions that generate these age-dependent marriage outcomes. We find that single-life utility is typically the dominant friction, though college women in the 1950 and 1970 cohorts are affected even more by deteriorating suitor quality. Regardless of educational status, individual choice (as opposed to pure luck) is pivotal in explaining marriage market outcomes earlier in life.     

论劳动关系中的企业社会责任

企业是一种劳动关系的治理结构.劳动者作为企业主要的利益相关者,与资本共同承担着企业的风险.因此,企业在自身发展中追求经济利润的同时,须承担起保护劳动者合法权益的社会责任,这对建立相互认可的劳动关系,从而降低企业内部交易成本,提高经济效率具有重要作用.本文从劳动者利益诉求和企业发展周期的角度,分析了企业承担社会责任能力的变化及对劳动者社会责任的动态扩展过程,并提出衡量企业履行社会责任程度的简单模型.     

虚拟团队管理的生命周期模式分析

技术的不断创新、工作过程的不断全球化和分散化导致了虚拟团队这种新的组织结构的出现。如何实现对虚拟团队的良好管理成为企业管理的一个新的内容。分析了虚拟团队的特征,以虚拟团队的发展周期为基础提出了虚拟团队管理的生命周期模式,并对生命周期管理模式的各个阶段的管理内容进行了分析。     

企业技术创新系统生态性分析

文章借鉴生态学的观点来说明企业技术创新生态系统的涵义,从技术创新的宏观和微观角度分析了企业创新生态系统的结构和功能,进而描绘出系统的生态环境与企业技术创新的动态演化过程,并将企业技术创新系统生命周期划分为起步期、成长期、快速发展期、稳定期、系统升级或衰退期五个阶段。通过近几年柯达公司技术创新发展过程分析,进一步说明了企业技术创新系统的生态性,建议企业在自身发展的同时应考虑多方面因素,构建一个和谐的技术创新生态环境。     

Close the loop: Evidence on the implementation of the circular economy from the Italian fashion industry

Fashion is widely considered as one of the most polluting and destructive industries to the environment and is a resource-intensive industry in which opportunities to reduce environmental impacts abound. By relying on an exploratory approach, this paper features an investigation into the circular economy (CE) practices of four purposefully selected Italian fashion companies. The study endorses the overlooked perspective of the product lifecycle (vis-à-vis the business model perspective), consistent with the key principles of the CE, to provide a comprehensive picture of CE practices implemented. This study engages with the current debate on the relationship between the concepts of sustainability and CE, supporting the idea that there is a beneficial relation between the two. The analysis shows the emergence of categories of CE-related practices as well as CE implementation challenges. The study also provides granular insights into the nature of these challenges that hinder the implementation of CE and demonstrates how they can be turned into sources of competitive advantage. Drawing on this emblematic evidence, we develop a set of theoretical and managerial implications.     

Modeling sustainable product lifecycle decision support systems

Sustainable product lifecycle systems are attracting increasing attention because of cost competition, resource constraints and environmental issues. Short lifecycle products, such as consumer and defense electronics, are of particular concern. We formulate a product lifecycle evolution system based on stochastic dynamic programming. By applying the concept of a sustainable product lifecycle system on a product line, conclusions and guidelines for rational decision making can be developed through each phase of the product life cycle.     

基于产品生命周期的汽车产业供应链设计

在现有理论成果基础上,选取具有典型意义且相对成熟的汽车产业为对象,分析了以整车制造商为核心企业的汽车产业供应链的特点,结合产品生命周期引入、成长、成熟及衰退期等不同阶段的供应链设计,提出了不同生命周期阶段符合汽车产品的供应链策略。