Growth and welfare effects of business cycles in economies with idiosyncratic human capital risk

This paper uses a tractable macroeconomic model with idiosyncratic human capital risk and incomplete markets to analyze the growth and welfare effects of business cycles. The analysis is based on the assumption that the elimination of business cycles eliminates the variation in idiosyncratic risk. The paper shows that a reduction in the variation in idiosyncratic risk decreases the ratio of physical to human capital and increases the total investment return and welfare. If the degree of risk aversion is less than or equal to one, then economic growth is enhanced. This paper also provides a quantitative assessment of the macroeconomic effects of business cycles based on a calibrated version of the model. Even for relatively small degrees of risk aversion (around one) the model implies that the elimination of business cycles has substantial effects on investment in physical and human capital, economic growth, and welfare.     

Feminist Ecological Economics and Sustainability

Synopsis New developments in feminist ecological economics and ecofeminist economics are contributing to the search for theories and policy approaches to move economies toward sustainability. This paper summarizes work by ecofeminists and feminist ecological economists which is relevant to the sustainability challenge and its implications for the discipline of economics. Both democracy and lower material throughputs are generally seen as basic principles of economic sustainability. Feminist theorists and feminist ecological economists offer many important insights into the conundrum of how to make a democratic and equity-enhancing transition to an economy based on less material throughput. These flow from feminist research on unpaid work and caring labor, provisioning, development, valuation, social reproduction, non-monetized exchange relationships, local economies, redistribution, citizenship, equity-enhancing political institutions, and labor time, as well as creative modeling approaches and activism-based theorizing.      

基于EAI构建企业外部服务平台

企业信息化过程逐步从优化内部管理转向提高外部服务，许多企业开始实施CRM和SCM，并进而实现B2B电子商务。EAI的目标是实现企业不同系统之间的集成，通过EAI的实施，可以使企业服务系统获得以ERP为代表的企业后台系统的支撑。     

用关系营销发展商业银行零售业务

随着银行业开放步伐的加快和国有商业银行改革的积极推进，我国商业银行面临着经营发展战略的转型。零售业务以其利润高、风险小的特点逐渐成为商业银行新的支柱型业务。引入先进的营销理念，大力发展零售业务已成为商业银行谋求生存和发展的根本途径。本文结合银行零售业务和关系营销各自的特点，就在零售业务领域引入关系营销的必要性及实施策略进行深入分析。     

上市公司主业鲜明率的修正方法

指出了常用的主业鲜明率在实际使用中遇到的问题,主要问题是计算值会出现无意义的结果,并且对真实主营业务比率的反映会有不真实的情况,提出了修正的方法,即通过修正企业经营总体规模的方法进行修正,最后通过实际计算证明修正结果消除了无意义的结果,也更加真实地反映了主营业务的比率.     

地方政府怎样管好农村信用社--以贵州为例

农信社交由地方政府管理是落实管理责任市场化及强调地区性的结果。我们在总结贵州试点经验基础上提出建议.改革走向纵深，要解决增资扩股目的短期化、投资股比重低等问题；发展地看待省联社制度设计缺陷；坚持政企分开原则，加强政府对经济活动的外部组织协调，搞好促生产与抗风险的制度安排，帮助农信社形成良好的发展条件。     

企业核心竞争力与多元化经营战略

在市场经济体制下,多元化经营成为大企业实现可持续成长的共同战略,但企业成功实施多元化经营需具备资金、技术和管理等方面的实力.而近年来我国一些企业核心竞争力的下降与盲目地多样化战略有很大关系,所以回归主营业务和建立核心竞争力是企业应该考虑的首要战略.     

我国企业风险管理存在的问题及对策

针对我国企业在风险管理方面普遍存在的一些问题，论述了企业风险管理与风险控制的过程和方法，提出了企业加强风险管理的主要对策，为企业在短期内快速成长提供重要保障，企业在快速成长的过程中，成功与失败有时只是一步之遥，可风险管理却在企业管理之中起着不容忽视的作用。     

企业物流绩效评价的主成分分析(PCA)方法

以企业物流绩效为研究对象,建立了物流绩效评价的指标体系,利用主成分分析方法对物流绩效进行综合评价,实例分析表明该方法能有效地评价企业物流绩效,符合客观实际,评价结果全面、合理。     

The flypaper effect and political strength

Simple models of local government behavior predict equal effects of private income and unconditional federal grants on local government expenditures. Numerous empirical analyses, however, find that the effect of grants is larger than the income effect. We argue that this flypaper effect may be a result of weak political leaderships in multi–issue and multi–party decision–making environments. In multi–issue institutions, a strong political leadership may reduce inefficiency due to interest group influence and inter–party bargaining in the local council. Utilizing data for Norwegian local governments in the 1930s, we find that political strength reduces the size of the flypaper effect. When the local council consists of only one political party, we cannot reject absence of a flypaper effect, while the flypaper effect is large in fragmented local councils. Received: June 2000 / accepted: February 2001