美国的城市化进程与现代城市规划联系的解读

回顾了美国城市化的独特发展历程和美国现代城市规划历史,并就二者之间的相互关系进行了探讨,以期对处于转型期的中国城市化发展有所启示和借鉴.     

城区特征对房贷的影响

城区特征通过多种途径影响商业银行住房抵押贷款决策.商业银行可以根据城区特征判断一个城区的住房抵押贷款违约风险,进而确定对该城区的最低首付款比例或拒贷率.通过分析国外城区特征对商业银行住房抵押贷款决策的影响机制,联系我国实际情况,指出我国商业银行根据城区特征进行住房抵押贷款决策具有合理性,建议商业银行密切关注城区住房价格波动率,并建议政府限制中低收入城区商业银行的数量.     

区域经济集聚的资源视角分析

区域经济集聚就是以企业为主体的产业区域集群,产业集聚与一定地域拥有的资源相关.长期以来.不论是正统经济学发现的"外部经济".还是经济地理学强调的"区域空间联系效应",抑或是新经济地理学揭示的"报酬递增效应",都注意到了经济集聚下的收益递增事实,但由于缺失了对区域资源特性的分析,往往混淆了集聚的原因与结果.梳理由企业资源观到产业集群资源观的演进逻辑,借鉴新制度经济学的分析,探析经济集聚与地域资源之间的内在联系,认为资源共享潜藏着的资源"租金"是导致区域经济集聚的内在动因,试图为区域经济集聚发掘出资源分析的新视角,以阐明资源共享之于区域经济集聚的内在机理,进而得出政府要注重提供共享性资源政策的结论.     

The effects of mergers and acquisitions on the firm size distribution

This paper provides new empirical evidence on the effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on the shape of the firm size distribution, by using data of the population of manufacturing firms in the Netherlands. Our analysis shows that M&As do not affect the size distribution when we consider the entire population of firms. When we focus on the firms involved in an M&A event, we observe a shift of the firm size distribution towards larger sizes. Firm size distribution becomes more concentrated around the mean, less skewed to the right hand side, and thinner at the tails as a whole. The shift toward higher sizes due to M&A is not uniform but affects firms of different sizes in different ways. While the number of firms in the lower tail decreased, the number of firms in the central size classes increased substantially and outweighed the increase in the number (and mean size) of firms in the upper tail of the distribution (consequently the overall market concentration measured by the Herfindahl index declines). M&As lead to a departure from log-normality of the firm size distribution, suggesting that external growth does not follow Gibrat’s law. Our counterfactual analysis highlights that only internal growth does not affect the shape of the size distribution of firms. On the contrary, it suggests that the change in the size distribution is almost entirely due to the external growth of the firms.

论低碳产业集群的动力机制——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

发展低碳产业集群对于实现中国低碳经济目标有着极其重大的作用。本文论述了我国低碳产业集群动力机制的内涵,认为可持续发展观念是低碳产业集群的思想基础,政府的政策和制度创新对产业集群企业和公众的低碳活动起着激励作用,经济绩效是低碳产业集群的直接动力,技术创新是低碳产业集群发展的关键因素;而国内外低碳环境的压力和产业集群外公众的市场取舍与监督构成了外部动力。各种动力互相配合作用,推动了低碳产业集群快速发展。     

The Goals of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality and China’s New Energy Revolution

Based on the full consideration of both domestic and global environments and conditions, the adherence to the conviction that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and the comprehensive weighing of pros and cons, the Chinese government has made a major strategic decision to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, which is crucial to the overall green transformation of the economy and society and the long-term benefits of the Chinese nation. With the new energy revolution and energy mix diversification driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, nonfossil energy sources centered on photovoltaic energy will gradually dominate the energy mix, while the status of electricity and hydrogen energy will be significantly enhanced and the consumption of coal and petroleum will decline significantly. Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals are both challenges and opportunities for China. Specific challenges are embodied in the large pressure of economic and energy restructuring, the rising manufacturing costs, the difficulties in withdrawing coal-fired power stations, the possibility of unstable grid operations due to large-scale integration of photovoltaic and wind power into the power distribution network, and the supply risks of key metals, while specific opportunities are emerging in the strong competitiveness of photovoltaic and wind power equipment, lower dependence on foreign petroleum and gas supply and accelerated low-carbon green transformation. China should strengthen the top-level design of the path to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, encourage innovation of green low-carbon technologies, accelerate economic and energy restructuring, strictly restrict the construction of new high-emission and energy-intensive projects, and steadily promote the adjustment and withdrawal of the existing high-emission and energy-intensive projects.     

制造业部门劳动生产率比较研究——基于浙江地区与国内外制造业的实证分析

劳动生产率提高是经济增长的主要源泉,是内生型增长的决定性因素,也是实现收入翻番的基本支撑。处于沿海发达地区的浙江制造业劳动生产率,不及全国平均水平,也仅为美日韩等先进国家的1/4或1/5左右,劳动生产率提升较为滞后。在当前制度红利和"人口红利"逐渐消失的背景下,抓住城镇化、信息化和全球生产制造方式变革机遇,注重发挥"三个效应",即追赶效应、丹尼森效应和鲍默效应,着力创造"劳动生产率红利",继续形成对发达经济体的较快追赶步伐和推动增长模式升级。     

乌克兰危机与中国的选择

乌克兰危机的爆发,有极其复杂的国内因素的原因。同时,它更是以美国为首的西方和俄罗斯在地缘政治上博弈的结果。乌克兰危机对国际形势的影响虽然不如舆论界预期那么大,但它可能会影响美国＂重返亚太＂战略的部署和进度。中国应当冷静观察,沉着应对。在始终坚持＂以经济建设为中心＂的基础上,坚定既有原则立场,强调尊重独立国家的主权和领土完整,坚决反对干涉内政,同时也要积极有所作为,为政治解决乌克兰危机,发挥独特的大国作用。     

我国集装箱港口体系演进规律研究

从集装箱港口数量、吞吐量、空间布局、市场集中度几个角度,利用赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数来分析1979—2011年我国集装箱港口体系及市场结构的演变,指出1979—1989年是快速分散阶段,为高度集中的寡占市场;1989—2009年是缓慢分散和缓慢集中相互更替的发展阶段,形成了中度集中的寡占市场;2010—2011年延续了分散的趋势,HHI值已经小于1 000,出现了形成非集中竞争市场的趋势。这要求港口企业随着竞争程度的不断增强,需要不断提升质量、建设软环境,提高竞争力,从粗放式发展向精细化、敏捷化发展。     

低碳经济背景下石化型城市可持续发展思考——以国家重要能源基地茂名为例

石化型工业城市发展低碳经济,既是大势所趋,同时也任重道远。其低碳经济发展问题,是一个非常敏感的课题,同时也是和谐社会建设进程中一个重大而又特殊的问题。从低碳经济背景下石化型城市可持续发展的重要性、挑战、路径等加以探讨,以期为同类地区低碳经济发展提供参考。