Corporate governance structure and product market competition

This article assesses the effects of the competitive structure of a product market on a firm’s corporate governance structure. Our model demonstrates that shareholders strategically determine the corporate governance structure, including the manager’s stock ownership and his controlling power over the firm, in order to maximize their utility in the product market competition. We find that the manager’s stock ownership is lower and his controlling power over the firm is higher when the firm’s product is more profitable or when competition within the product market is more severe. The inefficiency of the wealth transfer from shareholders to the manager also affects the corporate governance structure.     

基于大样本调查的本科学生与高职学生创业认知差异分析

以"高校创新创业教育协作网络"组织并开展的"2015年在校大学生创业态度和创业意向调查"为数据来源,分析了来自全国37所本科院校和15所高职院校的15624份问卷。通过探索性因子分析研究了本科学生和高职学生在创业意向、创业态度、创业环境感受和创业要素认知4个构念下多个维度的情况;通过单因素方差分析研究了本科学生和高职学生在创业意向、创业态度、创业环境感受和创业要素认知方面的差异。研究发现:高职学生的创业意向比本科学生强烈;本科学生和高职学生都认为自我实现是创业的最大价值;本科学生偏向于将经济追求置于第二位,而高职学生认为社会贡献是第二位的;高职学生比本科学生对创业环境的认可度更高,两者在家庭环境感受上的差异最大;本科学生和高职学生都认为创业成功的关键要素中"资源要素>理念要素>社会要素"。在上述研究结果的基础上,对国内高校开展差异化创业教育提出了相关建议。     

Marketing metrics: Insights from Brazilian managers

This study examines how managers approach marketing measures in a Brazilian context. Using data from a large-scale empirical study in Brazil, we focus on managers' views of the practices in marketing measurement and identify which indicators they emphasize. The findings, which reflect Brazilian managerial practice, indicate that managers use a combination of metrics. Items such as total number of customers, number of complaints, and customer satisfaction are among the most known and most used metrics. When addressing the 10 most relevant metrics results yield 4 groups, including customer vision, financial, product vision, and market and innovation. Indicators pertaining to customer vision are the most important to Brazilian managers. Furthermore, we discuss the results and draw comparisons with similar studies conducted in the United Kingdom and China. Finally, we present conclusions and avenues for future research.     

Trying to become a different type of company: dynamic capability at Smith Corona

Smith Corona, formerly one of the world's leading manufacturers of typewriters, was challenged to exercise dynamic capability in the face of the dissipation of its main product category. A study of the last two decades of the life of the company shows how Smith Corona tried to alter its resource base by leveraging existing resources, creating new resources, accessing external resources, and releasing resources. Using the extended case method, this study advances dynamic capability theory by confronting it with an empirical case. The Smith Corona case provides rich insights into the resource alteration processes by which dynamic capability operates, and highlights resource cognition as a missing element in dynamic capability theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of executive cognition on competitive dynamics

Prior competitive dynamics research has drawn on theories of information processing to model the subjective antecedents of executives' retaliation choices. This prior work has made great progress in developing our understanding of the retaliation choices most firms will make to a given type of attack. What the information processing perspective has not been able to do is explain firm‐specific behavior to predict which competitive moves individual firms will challenge, or explain why individual firms differ in the types of actions that they are most likely to challenge. The goal of this paper is to sharpen the theoretical and empirical focus on predicting firm‐level retaliation proclivities. We leverage managerial cognition research to examine the relationship between firm‐level differences in the cognitive frameworks that executives possess, and firm‐level differences in whether and how quickly firms challenge a market move. Results from a longitudinal study of the airline industry suggest that the addition of a cognitive perspective provides important insights into competitive retaliation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differences in managerial discretion across countries: how nation‐level institutions affect the degree to which ceos matter

The concept of managerial discretion provides a theoretical fulcrum for resolving the debate about whether chief executive officers (CEOs) have much influence over company outcomes. In this paper, we operationalize and further develop the construct of managerial discretion at the national level. In an empirical examination of 15 countries, we find that certain informal and formal national institutions—individualism, tolerance of uncertainty, cultural looseness, dispersed firm ownership, a common‐law legal origin, and employer flexibility—are associated with the degree of managerial discretion available to CEOs of public firms in a country. In turn, we show that country‐level managerial discretion is associated with how much impact CEOs have on the performance of their firms. We also find that discretion mediates the relationship between national institutions and CEO effects on firm performance. Finally, we discuss two inductively derived institutional themes: autonomy orientation and risk orientation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Self-regulation and moral awareness among entrepreneurs

Moral awareness underpins moral reasoning and ethical decision making. This mixed methods study investigates a critical feature of these phenomena among entrepreneurs, namely the influence of social cognitive self-regulation on moral awareness. Results suggest that entrepreneurs with stronger self-regulatory characteristics are more morally aware and relate such awareness to maintaining personal integrity and building inter-personal trust. In contrast, entrepreneurs with weaker self-regulatory characteristics appear less morally aware overall, and focus primarily on moral issues relating to failure and loss. I conclude the paper by discussing the implications for future research and practice.     

我国开放式基金规模确定模型初探

通过对美国共同基金关于基金规模的数学模型分析,我们发现基金规模与基金经理人能力和流动性赎回密不可分。从美国的有关模型分析与优秀经验来谈我国为确定基金规模所采取的措施:首先讨论了保证基金管理人发挥其能力的一些政策性建议,其次讨论了减少流动性赎回所采取的措施。     

"流程银行"的战略认知及操作风险管理研究

流程银行是当前国际先进银行普遍采用的经营管理模式。本文对流程银行的战略内涵进行了分析，并探讨了流程银行的操作风险管理问题。     

上海鲆鲽类产品消费者行为分析

在上海市场上,鲆鲽类近年来一直是一种重要的水产消费品。为了解上海地区鲆鲽类产品的消费情况,论文选择了上海的不同区域对消费者进行了问卷调研。整理的调研结果表明当前上海消费者已经对鲆鲽类有了一定的认知和消费行为,但其程度还较低。通过对调查结果的回归分析,文章讨论了显著影响其认知和消费的因素,并根据调研和统计结果对上海鲆鲽类产品的市场拓展提出建议。