股权分置改革视角下独立董事对议案事项监督机制研究

采用2005—2014年我国上市公司独立董事对议案事项意见的独特数据,从明确监管议案事项、非明确监管事项和股权分置改革等三方面深入考察其对独立董事出具否定意见的影响。研究发现,在我国上市公司中,对明确监管议案事项出具否定意见概率低,说明“逆淘汰”机制和“任人唯亲”董事会文化的存在使得监督效果大打折扣。同时发现,在股权分置改革后,独立董事对议案事项出具否定意见概率更低;出于规避法律风险的考虑,独立董事对明确监管事项出具否定意见的概率相对较高。因此,监管层应加强对各类议案事项检查力度而非仅仅明确监管事项;科学厘清独立董事在董事会决策中的责任边界,明确独立董事承担的法律风险。     

Examining the efficacy of self-classification approach in segmenting special-interest tourists: food tourism case

Self-classification is used as an a priori approach to tourist typology and market segmentation. However, skepticism still surrounds its ability to incorporate the multidimensionality of tourist behavior. This study seeks to empirically verify the efficacy of a single-item self-classification approach. The robustness of this self-classification measure is examined by comparing it to a data-driven multidimensional psychographic approach in terms of its ability to predict the behaviors of tourists toward food-related destination consumption. Results suggest that the single-item self-classification approach performs equally well as the psychographic approach in segmenting food-related consumption behaviors. The implications and limitations of this study are also discussed.     

Market knowledge of the travel industry from knowledge-based view: a case of two Taiwanese travel agencies

There has been a lack of comprehensive model elaborating the key dimensions of knowledge management in the tourism field. Based on market orientation literature, market knowledge could be illustrated from consumer and competitor dimensions. However, what knowledge topics are in these two dimensions (e.g. knowledge depth) or do any dimensions of market knowledge exist (e.g. knowledge breadth)? These questions can be clearly answered. Drawing on knowledge-based view of firms, this study explores market knowledge from four characteristics: depth, breadth, tacitness, and specificity. It seeks to contribute to the existing literature through a series of semi-structured interviews and behavioral observation with senior managers of Taiwan’s leading travel agencies. Four market knowledge categories emerge: customer knowledge, employee knowledge, competitor knowledge, and partner knowledge. It is suggested that high levels exist as to the importance of knowledge acquisition, classification, dissemination, and usage, and this represents a significant change over past findings.     

我国旅游业投资价值评价：基于资本市场角度的研究

文章借助于金融学的风险一收益理论及其经典的市场绩效评价指标,利用10年期的大样本数据,首次比较系统地分析了我国旅游业上市公司的投资价值,得出比较稳健的研究结论。研究结果表明,旅游业整体上获得了相对于市场平均水平的超额收益,旅游业的投资价值得到了投资者的肯定;从行业细分来看,市场表现最好的是景点类公司,其次是酒店类,综合类公司的市场表现一般;旅游企业的投资价值与公司质地、特别是盈利能力密切相关。     

严格导游准入制度与健全导游管理体制的探讨

目前,由于导游准入制度体系存在缺陷,旅游市场管理体制仍待完善,导游整体素质亟待提高等深层次的问题日益凸显。文章主要剖析这一现象的成因,提出严格导游员准入制度,建立健全旅游管理机制及相关法律法规体系,以提高导游整体素质,提升导游服务质量。     

Reducing visitor car use in a protected area: a market segmentation approach to achieving behaviour change

This research uses a market segmentation approach to reducing transport-related environmental burdens from visitors, while maintaining economic benefit. The approach was tested in the Lake District National Park (UK). It aimed first to explore visitor transport behaviour using a social psychological framework, to understand what might best predict desired behaviour change (i.e. reduced visitor car use). Second, it developed and tested different types of marketing messages to reduce car use, based on persuasive communication theory, establishing marketing propositions appropriate to different visitor types and market segments. Third, it identified market segments with both a high propensity towards positive behavioural change and the highest economic contribution to the destination. The work is based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour and on persuasive communication. Three hundred and ninety completed questionnaires were obtained. The paper emphasises the importance of context in successful communication to influence behaviour and shows that a market segmentation approach to behavioural change can be successful. Complex patterns of visitor mobility and modal choice emerge. For example “New Explorers” and “Familiar Families” are most likely to reduce their car use (45% and 48% respectively) and less likely to perceive this as difficult.     

基于CenterNet的跑步姿态鉴别系统的设计

为了改善目前大众跑步姿势普遍不规范的现状,提出了一种基于CenterNet的跑步姿态鉴别系统。首先,通过截图、拍照的方式自制数据集,并对数据集进行清洗、标注和分析,消除数据无关信息与简化数据。其次,引入多尺度通道注意力机制与添加十字星变形卷积2种方式改进CenterNet算法模型,将动作图像转化为数字信息和特征向量,并以此为基础,利用KNN（K-nearest neighbors）算法对跑步姿态类型进行分类。最后,与经典模型方案进行对比,验证改进CenterNet算法鉴别系统的有效性。结果表明：改进的CenterNet模型的精确率与召回率都有所提升,其参数量与计算量降低。所提算法模型能够对大多数不良姿势作出及时、准确反馈,有效帮助跑步爱好者发现问题,从而改善跑步姿态、提高运动效率、预防伤病。     

人民币汇率形成机制改革的多层面考察

人民币汇率形成机制改革的经济效应可以从宏观、微观和金融市场三个层面进行考察。从宏观层面看,汇率改革能够提高我国货币政策的独立性,但是对减少贸易失衡和调整国际收支的作用并不明显,反而由于持续的升值预期导致大规模资本流入,影响经济金融稳定。从微观层面看.人民币升值对纺织业等行业产生了比较明显的冲击,非贸易品部门则受益于人民币升值,FDI 投资区位的选择也发生了变化,这些都有利于我国转变过度外向型的经济结构。从市场层面看,更大的汇率弹性使企业和金融机构面临的外汇风险上升,但同时也有利于促进外汇市场发展和推动资本账户开放。     

我国人口老龄化高峰来临前夕的挑战与机遇

本文分析了我国急剧人口转变和快速老龄化的状况与趋势。本文认为,我国应当抓住人口超高龄化高峰来临前的有利时机,将不断增多的国民储蓄向长期投资类型的积累性养老金资产转变。同时．与国际资本市场合作,为经济发展提供长期动力,做好迎接人口老龄化高峰的准备。     

建立以市场为导向的风险投资机制

加速科技成果向现代生产力转化是当前我国经济发展的战略性问题。针对我国风险投资发展现状,提出必须建立以市场为导向的风险投资机制．即建立多元化的社会筹资机制。政府风险投资基金．有实力的大型企业集团投资,社会公众的创业基金,国外资金,都可以作为风除投资的本源;建立责、权、利相结合的资金运作机制,提高风险企业的市场运作能力,建立风险企业合理的经营机制;建立有效的资本退出变现机制,包括企业或资产公开上市和产权转让两个主要方面。