Opportunism in Buyer–Supplier Relations: New Insights from Quantitative Synthesis

After more than two decades of empirical research examining opportunism, a wide divergence of empirical findings regarding opportunism's antecedents remains. The need for more theoretically practicable and managerially actionable insight into the identity, nature, and scope of the antecedents to opportunism is clear. As such, a meta-analysis of the opportunism literature was conducted to (a) investigate the role of six antecedents (dependence, formalization, centralization, control, uncertainty, and relational norms), (b) resolve the disparate relationships' magnitudes and directions, and (c) identify moderators that might explain the disparate effect sizes. Findings suggest extant research findings are affected by socially desirable response bias; the particular operationalization of constructs, for example, whether measured opportunism is actual or perceived or whether the study omitted key antecedents; and whether the sample included firms offering products or services. Theoretical and managerial implications are developed and discussed.     

多维知识吸收与企业创新关系的元分析

运用元分析方法,基于178篇实证文献,考察了多维知识吸收与企业创新的相关性。结果表明：多维知识吸收与企业创新有较强的正相关关系;较之其它创新层面,多维知识吸收与创新能力相关性更强;吸收资源、过程和能力均与企业创新正相关,且较之静态知识吸收,动态知识吸收与企业创新相关性更强;文化背景、行业性质、测量方式均能正向调节多维知识吸收与企业创新整体关系,而在多维知识吸收与具体创新层面关系上表现不一。结论丰富了现有理论成果,同时也为企业灵活利用多维知识吸收,以提高企业创新效率和水平提供了管理依据。     

Step Returns in Threshold Public Goods: A Meta- and Experimental Analysis

One important determinant of voluntary contributions to public goods is the value of the public good relative to that of the forgone private good. Isaac, Walker and Thomas (1984) formalized this relation in the Marginal Per Capita Return (MPCR) and demonstrated its influence on the provision of linear public goods. This paper develops a parallel concept, in the context of a threshold public good, the Step Return (SR). After providing a meta-analysis of the effect of SR in previous experiments, we compare contributions in threshold public goods games with low, medium and high SRs. Results show that subjects respond to the SR in this setting just as they respond to the MPCR in the linear public goods setting: higher SRs lead to more contributions.     

A meta-analysis of national brand and store brand cross-promotional price elasticities

This paper investigates whether price discounts by national brands influence private-label sales and vice versa through meta-analysis of 261 cross-price elasticity estimates from sixteen product-chains. On average, price reductions by national brands and private labels have more or less equal influence on each others' sales. However, there is greater variation in the effect of private-label price cuts across national brands. National brands with large market shares decrease private-label sales through price cuts but are seldom affected by private-label discounts. National brands with lower relative price have greater influence on private-label sales and are also affected more by private-label price cuts.     

Meta-Analysis in Marketing when Studies Contain Multiple Measurements

Most meta-analyses in marketing contain studies which themselves contain multiple measurements of the focal effect. This paper compares alternative procedures to deal with multiple measurements through the analysis of synthetic data sets in a Monte Carlo study and a re-analysis of a published marketing data set. We show that the choice of procedure to deal with multiple measurements is by no means trivial and that it has implications for the results and for the validity of the generalizations derived from meta-analyses. Procedures that use the complete set of measurements outperform procedures that represent each study by a single value. The commonly used method of treating all measurements as independent performs reasonably well but is not preferable. We show that the optimal procedure to account for multiple measurements in meta-analysis explicitly deals with the nested error structure, i.e., at the measurement level and at the study level, which has not been practiced before in marketing meta-analyses.     

The Effectiveness of Educational and Needle Exchange Programs: A Meta-analysis of HIV Prevention Strategies for Injecting Drug Users

A meta-analysis of 16 educational interventions and 10 needle exchange programs was performed to estimate the effectiveness of reducing HIV risk behaviors in the injecting drug user population. Information on intervention, outcome, design and demographics was coded and analyzed for all educational and needle exchange program evaluation studies published between January 1984 and May 1995. The weighted mean effect size for the 6,251 study subjects of the 16 educational interventions was 0.749 (95% CI, 0.708 to 0.790), and the weighted mean effect size for the 1,675 study subjects of the 10 needle exchange programs was 0.279 (95% CI, 0.207 to 0.352), suggesting that both interventions had a positive impact on reducing HIV risk behaviors associated with injecting drug use. However, these results were dependent upon research design, outcome type and follow-up time.     

中国情境下知识共享与创新绩效间关系的元分析

采用元分析技术,对52篇研究中国情境下知识共享与创新绩效间关系的中文文献进行整合分析,检验了两者关系在不同研究层级(个体、团队、组织)和不同研究对象属性(高校科研团队、企业研发团队)上的差异。研究发现:中国情境下知识共享与创新绩效具有较强的整体相关性,但已有研究结果存在异质性;从研究层级来看,基于不同层级(个体、团队和组织)的两者关系存在显著差异,其中在团队层级两者的相关度最高;从研究对象属性来看,分别以企业研发团队和高校科研团队为研究对象的文献的研究结果存在显著差异,其中企业研发团队对知识共享的依赖性更高。     

企业购并失败的元分析

本文运用内容分析法,在中国期刊全文数据库、中国博士学位论文数据库、中国重要会议论文集数据库三大数据库,按照论文的发表年份、理论基础与作者的学科背景、研究主题的界定方式、研究论题的侧重与分类及研究方法的运用五个维度进行检索,对国内学术界关于"购并失败"问题进行研究的发展进程和现状进行了系统的元分析,梳理了近年来我国购并后整合绩效研究的基本脉络。     

基于元分析的多色集合理论在国内的应用研究

运用元分析手段,对多色集合理论在国内的应用进行分析。分析发现,对多色集合理论的应用近年在国内不断增长,主要是通过对该理论的相关技术工具的灵活运用,进行系统信息的形式化处理和各种数学建模,进而推动系统的计算机集成与仿真,促进企业生产率的提升与技术的创新。文章还指出了今后多色集合理论的进一步应用和发展方向。     

Examining the Nomological Network of Opportunism: A Meta-Analysis

Opportunism has prompted several orientations to the study of inter-firm interaction. Some research maintains that opportunism is an exogenous construct, whereas other research implicates opportunism as a mediator of the relationships between organizational properties and organizational effectiveness. Yet another stream of research argues that the assumption of opportunism precludes researchers from investigating collaborative governance. To examine the merits of each perspective, this study employs meta-analytic techniques and structural equation modeling to assess the nomological network of opportunism research. The analysis of 684 effect sizes extracted from 262 publications supports two of the three orientations. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.