Current and Desired Employee Communication Patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical Evidence on Four Ghanaian Organizations

In this study, the author explores employees' expectations of organizational communication patterns including internal communication behavior in organizations. In-depth interviews of employees and managers were used as data from four Ghanaian organizations. Results show that employees want a change from the current pattern of overcentralized communication system in organizations to a more horizontal interpersonal communication. Findings also show the importance of effective and interpersonal communication as processes that can affect employees' attitude to work. Additionally, results show that aspects of national culture, structures and systems, and management practices influence the pattern of communication in organizations. The results suggest that work organizations would thrive only if both managers and employees work collectively as a team and understand each other through effective communication media institutionalized in the various organizations.     

No easy solutions: lessons learned from an intervention to reduce clinic non‐attendance rates in a Scottish hospital

Hospital waiting lists and times have become the public measure of government success or failure. This research examined existing hospital outpatient capacity and considered the age‐old problem of patients who fail to attend their appointment. A reduction in did‐not‐attend (DNA) rates would maximize utilization of capacity, ensure early diagnosis and drive down waiting times. The research was designed to determine whether the introduction of outpatient letters, which included the need for positive confirmation of attendance, decreased the incidence of patient non‐attendance. Utilizing an experimental design, data gathered at two Plastic Surgery clinics were compared over two three‐month periods, pre‐ and post‐implementation. Total attendance and non‐attendance were examined in terms of new and review patients, gender and age profile. The research concludes that the intervention tested in this form can now be discounted thus allowing the exploration of subtler solutions.     

Company reputation and its influence on consumer trust in response to ongoing CSR communication

There is considerable disagreement in academic scholarship and beyond as to whether, in cases of bad reputations, companies will want to communicate corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities because this kind of communication is likely to increase consumers’ skepticism. In this regard, the two empirical studies discussed in this article examine the influence of prior company reputation on consumers’ trust in response to CSR communication in general and the development in response to continuous CSR activities and their ongoing communication by companies as well as by the media in particular. The two studies show that consumers’ trust in companies’ CSR activities increases after a second presentation of information by companies even in instances when companies had prior negative reputations. The second study in particular fills a gap in the literature on underlying mechanisms of consumers’ reactions to CSR communication. The results suggest that companies with prior negative reputations do not need to remain silent about their CSR activities; instead, CSR communication can help improve consumers’ trust in companies. However, the findings of these two studies also suggest that this positive development is short-lived. Consumers’ developing trust in companies’ CSR activities decreases significantly if they are exposed to negative information on these companies.     

基于多维频谱地图的干扰规避

针对复杂电磁环境下卫星移动通信系统可靠通信需求,利用频谱地图多维数据呈现优势,提出了基于多维频谱地图的干扰规避方法。通过建立卫星移动通信系统波束、时隙、子频带、干扰强度等多维信息关联的频谱地图,利用数据挖掘方法对频谱可用情况进行预测,基于预测结果及用户QoS(Quality of Service)需求生成干扰规避策略,通过星地联合频谱资源调配实现系统干扰规避。该方法为卫星移动通信系统干扰规避提供了一种全新的思路,可提升卫星移动通信系统干扰防护能力。     

空中异构战术网络IP通信架构及协议开销分析

空中异构战术无线网络由多种不同类型的无线数据链网络构成,IP通信技术可有效解决空中平台异构无线网络的互联互通问题。给出了空中异构战术无线网络模型,并根据不同类型的无线数据链网络特点,分析了端到端通信协议栈关系以及不同无线数据链网络间协议转换与适配方式。探讨了网络静态和动态IP地址分配方法以及网络的路由架构与寻址方式,提出了不同无线数据链网络间IP报文传输的打包方式。对传输的开销性能仿真对比分析表明,基于通用成帧协议的打包方式的协议开销性能较优。     

LT码新型度分布及其在电力线通信中的应用

Luby变换(Luby Transform,LT)码作为信道编码应用于电力线通信(Power Line Communication,PLC),可实现电信号的可靠传输。度分布对LT码编译码性能的影响至关重要。为了得到更优的度分布,首先调整二进制指数分布(Binary Exponential Distribution,BED)中的度数比例,获得一种译码性能更优的改进的二进制指数分布(Improved BED,IBED)。然后,根据IBED在冗余度较小时译码成功率高,而冗余度增大后鲁棒孤子分布(Robust Soliton Distribution,RSD)的译码性能表现更佳的特点,通过求和归一化的方式将IBED与RSD两种度分布的优势进行有机结合,提出一种新型二进制鲁棒孤子分布(Binary RSD,BRSD)。仿真结果表明,与其他方法及传统的RSD相比,采用新度分布进行LT编码,可明显降低译码开销,并节约编译码耗时。将新型度分布应用于基于LT码的PLC系统中,能有效地抑制PLC信道中各种噪声对电信号的干扰,并提高通信效率。     

多波束移动卫星系统的自适应开环预编码方法

对于卫星移动通信系统,由于卫星与地面终端之间的相对运动以及星地间传输延迟,传统的基于理想信道信息的预编码方法是不适用的。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于开环信道估计的预编码方法。卫星端利用开环获取的部分信道信息实现多波束联合预编码,并导出了系统传输速率的闭合解析表达式。此外,为了克服强干扰环境下多波束预编码系统性能恶化问题,提出了一种自适应预编码传输方法。卫星发射机依据开环获得的慢时变用户位置信道信息和信道统计量信息,自适应地选择预编码方法或传统频率复用方法,实现最优的系统性能。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与传统的干扰抑制方法相比,所提方法能实现更优的系统性能,同时也克服了传统预编码方法的局限性。     

抗战时期法币贬值对根据地社会经济的影响

法币贬值是20世纪40年代中国经济史上的重大事件,其影响不仅限于物价上扬和人们生活水平的降低,由此带来的连锁反应对当时社会财富的分配、阶级结构的调整等所产生的作用在一定意义上甚至比根据地货币政策更为直接彻底。因此,在考察根据地社会形态变迁的过程中,应把法币贬值这一重大经济事件纳入其中。同时,法币贬值使边币大量发行,根据地经济进入了独立自主、自力更生的新阶段。     

一种多媒体数据可靠传输策略

针对UDP数据报传输不可靠性这一问题，提出一种主动防止数据报丢失的策略。该策略在编码端分片传输UDP数据报，在接收端利用环形缓冲区接收并重组各数据报分片。这种策略不仅有效地避免了接收端多个数据报片冲突以及接收缓冲区溢出等现象的出现，而且减小了数据报片丢失和乱序对解码图像质量的影响，使得恢复的图像质量有明显改善。     

移动通信无线覆盖均匀性分析

本文分析了移动通信系统中电波传播对覆盖均匀性的影响。通过典型路径传播损耗和移动通信系统同频干扰的分析，给出了衡量覆盖均匀性的性能指标。计算机模拟表明了覆盖均匀性与覆盖模式的关系。