Fiscal deficits,monetary reform and inflation stabilization in romania

Developing countries have witnessed an increase in foreign bank participation during the last decade. Using bank level data for the period 1991–2001, we examine the influence of foreign banks on the financing of small firms in Tanzania. Despite dominating the banking sector, results suggest that the financing of small firms by foreign banks is insignificant compared to domestic banks. Clearly, there is a need for a new approach to policy that will encourage significant foreign bank lending to small firms.     

Teaching Third-Degree Price Discrimination

Abstract: Third-degree price discrimination is taught in almost every intermediate microeconomics class. The theory, geometry, and the algebra behind the concept are simple, and the phenomenon is commonly associated with the sale of many of the goods and services used frequently by students. Classroom discussion is usually vibrant as students can relate their experiences of being on the receiving end of third-degree price discrimination, usually to their advantage. However, the precision of the language used in the exposition of the theory in textbooks is generally less precise than one would hope for, leading students to confuse slope and elasticity. The authors ask textbook writers to provide greater precision in their explanation of why differing elasticities are associated with the prices paid by two (or more) distinct groups of buyers facing third-degree price discrimination.     

住房公积金导致了不平等吗——来自中国家庭金融调查的证据

住房公积金制度作为一项政策性住房金融制度,能够缓解家庭购房金融约束、稳定住房金融市场,成为实现"房住不炒"的重要政策工具。本文以2015年实施的住房公积金信贷宽松政策作为外生冲击,从财富效应的角度研究了住房公积金制度对不同家庭购房行为的影响。利用双重差分的实证研究方法,本文发现目前住房公积金主要促进了缴存家庭的多套房需求,加大了缴存家庭与非缴存家庭的住房财富差距。住房信贷政策的针对性与多样性急需提升。     

The Role of Water in Manufacturing

Water's role in manufacturing technologies has received limited attention. A KLEM model of the sector's technology is extended to include two facets of water use: intake and recirculation. Three annual cross-sectional surveys on plant-level water use are pooled and combined with census data to estimate this extended model for the Canadian manufacturing sector over the period 1981–1991. While Canada's water allocation regulations influence private water withdrawals, statistical tests support representing water intake as a variable input. Water intake is found to be a substitute for water recirculation, energy, labour and capital. The relationship between water intake and recirculation is stronger when water intake is process-related rather than related to cooling and steam production. Technological change has been biased in the direction of increased water intake and decreased water recirculation.     

中国中长期煤炭需求预测

首先对中国煤炭需求与经济增长的关系进行验证,然后将工业化水平、城市化率等变量纳入煤炭需求协整模型,分析了经济增长、工业化水平、城市化率、煤炭价格、煤炭利用效率和能源替代效应对煤炭需求的影响,并预测了在3种经济增长速度(高、中、低)下2012—2030年中国的煤炭需求。结果显示:未来20年期间中国煤炭需求仍将持续增长;经济低速增长下中国煤炭需求的增幅远低于经济高速或中速增长下的增幅;在城市化和工业化进程中,煤炭消费总量将经历刚性高增长阶段;煤炭利用效率、煤炭价格和能源替代效应对煤炭需求有一定影响。     

民间资本供求与民营企业融资:对陕西的实证分析

本文建立在调研和有关资料基础上对陕西现实及潜在的民间资本供求进行测算分析,从总量和结构等方面实证了民间资本供给充足、而民营经济对民间资本的需求欲望非常强烈这一结论,要解除民间资本供求的市场失灵现象,就必须构建以"民资、民用、民管"为原则的内生性融资机制,建立社区民间金融管理组织和社区民间金融市场,选择内生性融资方式,创新其融资产品,实现民间资本供给与民营经济对其需求的有效对接.     

宏观经济稳定政策的理论依据

宏观经济稳定政策虽然是现代各国政府常用的稳定经济运行的工具,但稳定政策的理论争论从来没有间断过。对不同经济学流派的政策主张及其理论依据的回顾并分析表明,凯恩斯主义的需求管理政策仍是我国前几年实施的积极财政政策的理论基础。     

有效供给不足抑制中国消费需求——从长短期消费函数看消费不足的问题

2005年是中国经济改革的关键一年,但目前宏观经济中出现了GDP增速减缓和消费需求疲软的突出矛盾。如何解决这一矛盾?相关文献通常在凯恩斯短期消费函数的基础上,认为消费拖累了GDP增长,并建议实施提高消费倾向、刺激消费需求的宏观消费管理政策。文章通过长期消费函数分析后发现是有效供给不足压抑了消费。因此,文章建议从加强供给管理入手,为社会提供更多的有效供给才是化解宏观经济矛盾的战略选择。     

中部金融支撑体系建立的供求分析

中部地区作为战略互动轴心,历来被认为承担着协调沿海与内陆、接应东西部地区的重任。因此,逐步推进中部金融区域性市场的发展对实现“中部崛起”意义重大。在提出建立中部金融支撑平台的想法后,从需求与供给两个方面分析了这一方案的前提基础条件及其可行性。     

Revealed preference and differentiable demand

Summary. We prove that, for finitely many demand observations, the Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference tests not only the existence of a strictly concave, strictly monotone and continuous utility generator, but also one that generates an infinitely differentiable demand function. Our results extend those of previous related results (Matzkin and Richter, 1991; Chiappori and Rochet, 1987), yielding differentiable demand functions but without requiring differentiable utility functions.Received: 1 November 2001, Revised: 5 February 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D11, D12. Correspondence to: Kam-Chau WongThis is a much revised version of Lee and Wong (2001). We are grateful to the Referee for valuable suggestions. We also thank Professor Marcel K. Richter for his comments.