The Goals of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality and China’s New Energy Revolution

Based on the full consideration of both domestic and global environments and conditions, the adherence to the conviction that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and the comprehensive weighing of pros and cons, the Chinese government has made a major strategic decision to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, which is crucial to the overall green transformation of the economy and society and the long-term benefits of the Chinese nation. With the new energy revolution and energy mix diversification driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, nonfossil energy sources centered on photovoltaic energy will gradually dominate the energy mix, while the status of electricity and hydrogen energy will be significantly enhanced and the consumption of coal and petroleum will decline significantly. Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals are both challenges and opportunities for China. Specific challenges are embodied in the large pressure of economic and energy restructuring, the rising manufacturing costs, the difficulties in withdrawing coal-fired power stations, the possibility of unstable grid operations due to large-scale integration of photovoltaic and wind power into the power distribution network, and the supply risks of key metals, while specific opportunities are emerging in the strong competitiveness of photovoltaic and wind power equipment, lower dependence on foreign petroleum and gas supply and accelerated low-carbon green transformation. China should strengthen the top-level design of the path to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, encourage innovation of green low-carbon technologies, accelerate economic and energy restructuring, strictly restrict the construction of new high-emission and energy-intensive projects, and steadily promote the adjustment and withdrawal of the existing high-emission and energy-intensive projects.     

New product development in foreign customer relationships: a study of international SMEs

Abstract

This study identifies a gap in research concerning how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can benefit from pursuing locally (rather than globally) oriented internationalization strategies. Becoming overly dependent on one single foreign market could potentially reduce the inflow and diversity of new knowledge that can serve as input for new product development. This study discusses how this risk can be minimized. In this endeavour we create a theoretical model that investigates how the local sales concentration and relationship-specific commitment of SMEs relates to new product development. To do this we draw on the behavioural internationalization process framework. The theoretical model is tested on an effective sample of 188 Swedish SMEs. The results show that relationship-specific commitment mediates the effect of local sales concentration on new product development. The implication is that investments which enable collaboration in important business relationships are crucial requisites for keeping firms innovative and in pace with market fluctuations. The findings thus contribute to international business literature by showing that a local market scope of operations combined with a relationship orientation are beneficial for new product development in international SMEs.     

结算货币选择理论研究评述

国际交易媒介职能的发展关乎一国货币的国际化进展程度,该职能的微观市场表现即为国际贸易中企业结算货币的选择。基于此,本文对20世纪70年代发展至今的结算货币选择理论的研究进行了仔细梳理和阐释。伴随着欧元的发展,对该理论的研究经历了从纯理论到理论和实证相结合、从微观和宏观层面的独立研究到宏微观相结合的发展历程。在新开放经济宏观经济学视角下,企业结算货币选择模型将企业结算货币的选择从微观经济学层面转变为宏观经济领域的重要研究变量。文章最后,本文依托于相关理论并结合大量贸易数据,提出制约人民币国际交易媒介职能发展的重要因素即是我国出口产品差异化程度过低,企业缺乏竞争力。     

关于新农村建设中的农村广播电视功能提升问题

广播电视在新农村建设中占据举足轻重的地位和作用,在城乡统筹新时期,提升农村广播电视功能对于构建社会主义核心价值体系,推进农村＂三个文明＂建设具有重要的战略意义。其基本思路是提升农村广电事业的公共服务能力、农村广电的高清传播能力、农村广电产业发展能力和城乡广电节目的创新能力,其宏观调控措施是完善工作体系、建立专业队伍、落实政策法规、加强组织领导。     

试论新技术革命与区域粮食安全——以陕西省为例

二十世纪四、五十年代兴起的新技术革命对人类社会的很多领域都产生了明显影响,也同样使粮食安全的内涵由原来单纯追求粮食数量的安全而增加了粮食质量安全、生物多样性以及维护区域特性和民族文化等更多层面上的含义;同时也基于数理统计方法、GIS等手段拓宽了粮食安全的研究领域,使粮食安全由简单计算人均粮食占有量拓展到粮食质量安全研究、区域粮食安全风险分析、区域粮食安全预警研究等。陕西省粮食安全与农业现代化水平的关系研究也证明新技术革命所带来的农业生产条件的变革对粮食生产尤其是粮食单位面积产量具有重要的正面影响。     

城市化与能源消费的动态相关性及其传导机制——基于1978年～2008年的实证研究

笔者依据1978年~2008年时间序列数据,实证分析了我国城市化与能源消费之间的动态相关性,并对城市化与能源消费之间的关联效应及其传导机制进行了考察。结果表明,我国城市化与能源消费存在协整关系,短期内存在误差修正机制;城市化对能源消费的影响主要是通过其规模效应和技术效应表现出来,而第三产业的节能效应尚不明显。     

基于SDA法的能源消费影响关键要素分析

基于投入产出结构因数分解法,本文分行业研究了影响中国能源消费的关键要素,将影响能源消费变动的因素分解为能源强度变化、技术系数变化、国内最终消费比例变化、资本形成总额比例变化、出口比例和进口比例变化以及最终需求总量变化等6个指标。研究结果显示,技术系数变化是影响中国能源需求量变动的最主要因素;能源强度变化、出口比例和进口比例变化也是影响能源消费量变动的主要因素。在影响中国能源消费变化的各行业中,电力、蒸气及水的生产和供应业,金属产品制造业等6个行业对中国能源消费具有重要影响。     

韩国新能源和可再生能源的发展

韩国是世界第10大能源消费国和世界第5大石油进口国.韩国国内能源资源贫乏,能源严重依赖进口,2007年能源进口依存度达96.7%.为了应对近些年石油价格飙升和全球气候变化的挑战,韩国政府调整了能源发展战略,强调能源供应多样化,将新能源和可再生能源作为国家能源战略的重要组成部分;目标是在2011年前使新能源和可再生能源占全国能源供应的5%,2020年扩大到10%.为了促进新能源和可再生能源的快速发展,韩国政府制定了相关的法律、计划和经济激励政策等.     

中国培育经济发展新动能的成效研究*

新动能是推动新经济发展的核心驱动力,也是中国经济实现高质量发展的重要路径.本文评估了2015-2018年全国、四大板块和省际经济发展新动能成长效果.研究发现:①中国新动能培育取得了显著进展,正在加速产生巨大的经济效益,主要表现为,技术进步和无形资本快速积累为新动能培育奠定基础,产业技术改造和升级显现成效,“新业态”喷涌式发展;然而,促进新动能成长的营商环境改善并不明显;②东部板块经济新动能成长效果显著,中西部新动能成长正在加快,但东北板块新动能成长仍在徘徊;③北京和上海是中国经济新动能成长的引擎,但新疆、海南、甘肃、黑龙江等省(市、自治区)堪忧.