Variation diminishing property of densities of uniform generalized order statistics

Let f _*,r , r ≥ 1, denote the density function of rth uniform generalized order statistics as defined by Kamps (1995) or Cramer and Kamps (2003). We prove the following variation diminishing property: the number of zeros in (0,1) of any linear combination does not exceed the number of sign changes in the sequence (a ₁, . . . ,a _r ). This result is applied to study monotonicity and convexity properties of f _*,r .     

制造企业转型升级中的资源配置有效组态研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析法

制造企业的内部资源有效配置是关系到转型升级成效的内在问题,但资源配置的组态如何影响转型升级成效尚没有得到充分研究。文章将企业的资源要素分为研发投入、人才水平、发展潜力以及客户集中度四个方面,将企业规模设为调节变量,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,对31家制造企业进行实证研究,得到资源配置的四种有效组态形式为：高抗风险型、高创新投入型、高市场地位型以及紧密客户关系型。研究结论证实了转型升级资源配置组态效应的客观存在,既丰富了企业转型升级理论及方法,也为企业转型升级的路径选择及有效性分析提供了的启示和参考。     

The changing US–China investment relationship

The United States and China are at a turning point in their investment relationship. China’s previous investments in the United States were predominantly in government securities, while other holdings were negligible. Recently, the accumulation of treasury securities has slowed and direct investments by Chinese firms have risen steeply, with Beijing signaling greater support for portfolio investment outflows as well. This article describes the nascent shift in patterns of Chinese investment in the United States and uses the case of direct investment to examine the implications for US–China relations. We discuss current and future policy issues presented by Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) in the United States, including national security, market access, and antitrust.     

Land Allocation between Food and Energy

Many countries are promoting biofuels as a substitute for scarce oil. This paper develops a dynamic model of land allocation between food and energy and shows how the model can be calibrated using standard optimization techniques. Some possible implications of the trade-offs between food and energy are discussed. Specifically, we show that the effect of mandates is mainly felt through increased land conversion, which increases indirect carbon emissions Crude oil prices do not decrease significantly because of leakages.     

集团战略异质性与控制权配置的关系分析

集团如何依据自身的战略选择合适的控制权配置方式来保障组织效率已成为目前集团管控中普遍存在和亟待解决的难点问题。基于对上述问题的探寻,以2004-2008年深、沪A股隶属于集团的上市公司为研究样本,通过探讨集团战略的业务相关性与集团持股比例的关联关系以及控制权结构和集团持股比例对集团战略的交互效应发现:集团控股股东持股比例越高,集团战略的业务相关性越强,并且控制权结构会显著调节不同类型的集团战略业务相关性与持股比例的关系。     

基于游憩空间理论的动物主题公园设计方法探究——以成都大熊猫繁育研究基地改扩建项目为例

借成都大熊猫繁育研究基地改扩建项目,深入探索以动物为主题的城市游憩空间设计过程,研究以保护动物自然行为为核心、以提升游憩体验度为目标的设计原则,旨在从规划设计层面形成可参考的同类动物主题公园的设计依据。从现有的游憩空间理论入手,将设计内容解构为空间基底、观赏方式、馆舍布局及游线设计4个层面,通过文献研究、案例分析、专家访谈、场景构建等方法,以游憩空间理论为基础,基于动物的自然生境和行为需求,以拟达到的游憩体验为目标,构建符合动物生境和游客需求的主题游览场景。经过项目实践,改扩建后的大熊猫基地不仅尊重了动物的自然行为,而且提升了游客的游览体验,得到了动物保护专家和公园运营部门的认可。基于研究成果,形成理论研究框架,以期为同类动物主题公园及其他类型主题公园的规划设计提供参考。     

Sharing a River

A group of agents located along a river have quasi-linear preferences over water and money. We ask how the water should be allocated and what money transfers should be performed. The core lower bounds require that no coalition should get less than the welfare it could achieve by using the water it controls. The aspiration upper bounds demand that no coalition enjoy a welfare higher than what it could achieve in the absence of the remaining agents. Exactly one welfare distribution satisfies the core lower bounds and the aspiration upper bounds: it is the marginal contribution vector corresponding to the ordering of the agents along the river. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D62, C71.     

我国民营企业发展问题研究

近年来 ,我国的民营企业呈现出了良好的发展势头 ,但也存在着宏观经济政策环境不够配套、企业内部治理结构不够合理等诸多问题 ,影响着民营企业的发展。因此 ,应从宏观经济环境和企业内部管理两个方面提出一些具有针对性的措施和对策。     

Cost monotonicity, consistency and minimum cost spanning tree games

We propose a new cost allocation rule for minimum cost spanning tree games. The new rule is a core selection and also satisfies cost monotonicity. We also give characterisation theorems for the new rule as well as the much-studied Bird allocation. We show that the principal difference between these two rules is in terms of their consistency properties.     

Hayekian evolution reconsidered: a reply to Hodgson

This is a reply to Geoffrey Hodgson's Comment on an earlierpaper by Caldwell (Hodgson on Hayek: a critique). Though certainareas of agreement are noted, differences in interpretationconcerning Hayek's views on the Malthus–Darwin relationship,on cultural evolution, on the extent to which Hayek may be characterisedas an ontogenist, and on methodological individualism remain.