服务贸易领域的原产地规则在区域经济一体化进程中的应用

乌拉圭回合谈判后,多边贸易体制的调整范围由货物贸易扩大到服务贸易。WTO规则允许各成员根据最惠国原则对不同成员的服务和服务提供者给予差别待遇。《服务贸易总协定》(简称为GATS)第5条对"经济一体化协定"的规定也允许对隶属于区域成员国的服务或服务提供者给予区域性更优惠待遇。服务贸易领域因此也日益关注起对原产地规则的研究。我国自2004年1月1日实施《内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》(简称为CEPA)起,"香港公司"可以在内地享受市场准入和政策优惠的待遇。但是很多所谓的"香港公司"是由欧美等其他国家的服务提供者在具体进行业务操作,而优惠的实际获得者是这些"搭便车"的外国公司。本文通过对服务原产地规则国际协调和规范的阐释,对我国CEPA的发展现状进行分析并提出几点完善性建议。     

An examination of the effects of partitioned country of origin on consumer product quality perceptions

This paper deals with the effects of partitioned country‐of‐origin associations on consumer product quality evaluations. The main objective of this research is to examine the cognitive processes by which country‐of‐origin information influences the consumer's evaluation of a product. To study the psychological process by which the country‐of‐origin associations are integrated in the formation of related behavioural deliberation, a hypothetical structural model was developed. The model contains seven theoretical constructs, i.e. country of design, perceived product sophistication, country of assembly, perceived manufacturing excellence, country of parts, perceived product quality and perceived product design. Data were analysed via structural equation models using Analysis of MOment Structures (AMOS) 5.0. Results show that countries that already have positioned themselves around a reputation for technological innovation related to product development and manufacturing may expect consumers to transfer those associations to new products from the country.     

城市及其体系起源和演进的经济学描述

本文认为，城市是分工和协作的产物。由于私有制的出现，产业之间的分工和协作，需要有一种空间形式。降低保护财产安全的成本，减少专业协作和交换之间的交易费用，使这种空间内的生产和服务的经济规模收益递增，并获得外部经济，综合起来成为空间的聚集经济。这就是城市起源和发展的经济动因。而交易空间的科层性，使对等和就近交易又节省成本，但绝对的超级城市和绝对普遍发展小城镇都会导致交易费用的上升，因此。城市也呈科层分布，即存在小集市—小城镇—小城市—中等城市—大城市—特大城市—都市圈这样的城市体系，而其怎样分布和演变。起基础性调节作用的仍然是市场机制。     

中国梦的历史渊源与中华文明

从中国梦产生的人文历史背景、中国梦的产生与发展、中国梦与中华文明三个方面,对中国梦的历史渊源与中华文明进行了全面深入的分析论证。提出了中国梦的产生有其厚重的悠久的历史人文背景,有其光辉灿烂的五千多年的中华文明为基础,有其朝代更替及盛衰的非线性作用的促发机制,中国梦是近代以来民族振兴总结出来的,是改革开放三十余年,建国六十多年的探索和伟大实践走出来的。习近平总书记提出的中国梦是首次在科学层次上予以科学的阐述与概括,具有鲜明的科学性、目的性、系统性、时代性和长期性。虽然实现梦想的道路是十分曲折的,但中国梦一定会变成现实。     

Brand image,cultural association and marketing: ‘New Zealand’ butter and lamb exports to Britain,c. 1920–1938

Abstract

This article examines the branding and marketing strategies of New Zealand Producers Boards which were established in the early 1920s to coordinate the export of butter and lamb to Britain. The brand ‘New Zealand’ featured prominently in the promotion of lamb exports to Britain, whereas much more emphasis was placed on the ‘Anchor’ brand for butter. Because the ‘Mother Country’ was by far the biggest single export market for New Zealand butter and lamb, the branding and marketing activities of the Boards emphasised the strong cultural affinity that existed between Britain and New Zealand. Drawing on the relevant branding and marketing literature, the Boards’ annual reports, and reports by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, we show that ‘New Zealand’ and ‘Anchor’ conveyed the fundamental message of a shared British identity.     

Creating an effective code-switched ad for monolinguals: the influence of brand origin and foreign language familiarity

This study investigates the influence of brand origin and foreign language familiarity in code-switched (CS) ad effectiveness for monolingual consumers. CS ads refer to ads containing foreign words or phrases in an advertising copy (e.g., headline and slogan), resulting in a mixture of native and foreign languages. In this research, we conducted a pilot study to show the increasing trend of using code-switching in ads, regardless of whether the brands are local or foreign, in a monolingual market. We further examine if the effectiveness of CS ads is contingent on the brand origin among monolinguals. Study 1 showed that non-CS ads were perceived more favorably than CS ads for advertising a local brand. However, not all of the CS ads were perceived more favorably than non-CS ads when a foreign brand was advertized. The results of Study 2 showed that when a foreign brand was advertized, CS ads using a high-exposure foreign language were evaluated more favorably than CS ads using a low-exposure foreign language. Foreign language familiarity played a mediating role in the observed effects. We provide evidence that the research findings on CS ads among bilinguals cannot be applied to monolinguals. We discuss implications for international marketing and suggest advertising strategies for practitioners.     

欠发达地区农产品产地冷链建设影响因素与对策研究

目的 我国欠发达地区的农产品产地冷链物流起步晚、发展基础薄弱,补齐产地冷链短板对增强农产品产业链韧性、实现冷链产业安全稳定发展有重要意义。方法 文章基于各地的冷链物流专题调研资料,结合前期研究基础,通过扎根理论对资料进行编码分析,实现对欠发达地区产地冷链物流制约因素的概念化和范畴化。在此基础上,运用解释结构模型（Interpretative Structural Modeling Method,ISM模型）理清各项制约因素间的内在关联,构建层级递阶结构。结果 结果表明,产地冷链物流制约因素共14项,其结构体系可划分为3个层次,其中产地物流设施水平低和上下游主体缺乏协调是欠发达地区产地冷链物流发展滞后的直接制约因素,位于表象层;企业投资回报率低、公共信息平台建设滞后等7项因素位于中间层;农户生产规模小且加工粗放型、设备投资额大和回收期过长、资产专用性强、追溯技术水平不高以及人才供给数量质量不足是最根本制约因素,位于根源层。结论 欠发达地区需进一步重视产地冷链物流发展,从鼓励新型农业主体发展、吸纳各类资本参与产地建设、降低专用性冷链设备投资风险等方面补齐产地冷链短板。     

绿色农产品原产地效应与品牌策略初探

产品原产地是影响消费者购买决策的重要因素之一。绿色农产品具有明显的地理区域特征,其产品质量特征与特定生产加工区域的地理环境和自然资源条件密切相关,原产地效应更加突出。本文在分析绿色农产品原产地效应及其特点的基础上,提出了绿色农产品原产地品牌构建的意义和策略。     

Determinants of Adoption of Protected Designation of Origin Label: Evidence from the French Brie Cheese Industry

This paper investigates empirically the determinants of agro‐food firms’ adoption of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label. A unique dataset containing firm‐level cost and production information on the French Brie cheese is used, covering the period 1980–2000. The Brie cheese data are especially relevant as PDO Brie producers have coexisted with other non‐PDO producers since 1981. To evaluate the producers’ incentive to opt for PDO certification, we use a structural switching regression model which incorporates cost and production structure variables. Results show that PDO certification is less attractive the higher the costs of raw materials and the greater the size of the company. PDO Brie cheese production costs are estimated to be on average 40% higher than those for non‐PDO Brie. The PDO production process could be technically inefficient when compared with the unconstrained non‐PDO manufacturing; yet, PDO producers benefit from a price premium on their product which offsets their higher production cost.     

薛湖井田构造特征及成因分析

利用井田地质勘探资料及野外地质资料,对井田构造基本形态、褶皱及断层发育情况及其分布规律进行汇总分析,总结出该井田的构造组合、构造成因及其演化规律。研究表明井田内断裂构造是多期活动相互叠加的结果。井田为一NWW向走向的单斜构造,区内主要受EW向及NNE向构造控制,构造形态局部复杂化。区内NW-NWW向主构造演化主要受郯庐断裂带影响,近E—W向构造演化与秦岭-大别山造山带有一定关联。