The Impact of Innovativeness and Development Time on New Product Performance for Small Firms

Timing is becoming a new source of competitive advantage. The business press extols the benefits of faster product development. This paper examines whether competitive advantage can be gained by reducing development time across all types of new products or whether this advantage is restricted to certain types of new products. It proposes that product innovativeness moderates the relationship between development time and initial market performance. A survey of 110 small manufacturing firms in computer related industries supports the hypothesis. The survey findings indicate that a firm must guard against over- or under-development of the new product since product innovativeness was found to influence the impact of development time on market performance. The implications for managers are: beware of bringing a new product that is too much, too early or too little, too late.     

跨市场融合性人民币产品创新研究

结合对新兴市场国家（地区）的发展路径及对目前国内金融市场所存问题的分析，本文认为，市场对四类跨市场融合性人民币产品存在强烈需求，其中，跨资本和期货市场、跨货币和资本市场两类融合性产品的发展前景较为乐观，跨货币和外；12市场融合性产品次之，跨货币和期货市场融合性产品的发展则尚有待于一些条件的成熟。国内商业银行参与跨市场融合性产品创新时应遵循审慎经营原则，近期以跨货币与外汇市场融合性人民币产品为主，长期以跨货币与期货市场融合性人民币产品为目标。从提高信贷资产流动性的迫切程度来看，中小银行可能会成为跨货币与资本市场融合性人民币产品创新的主要推动力。     

An International Analysis of Earnings, Stock Prices and Bond Yields

Abstract:  This paper assesses the contemporaneous relationship between stock prices, earnings and long-term government bond yields for a large number of countries. The time period of our data spans several decades. In a time series framework our analysis first tests the presence of a long-term contemporaneous relationship between these three variables (the so-called Fed model). Next, we assess if government bond yields play a significant role in the long-run relationship. Our empirical results question the validity of the Fed model in the sense that we show that long-term market movements are mainly driven by the earnings yield and not the differential between bond and earnings yields. As such, our analysis validates the results of Asness (2003) for a much larger collection of countries while using a dynamic time series (cointegration) framework. Finally, we also show that changes in long-term government bond yields have a short-term impact on stock prices.     

The informativeness of domestic and foreign investors’ stock trades: Evidence from the perfectly segmented Chinese market

This paper uses the perfect market segmentation setting in China's stock market to compare the information content of the stock trades of domestic and foreign investors. We study 76 firms that issue both A-shares (for domestic investors) and B-shares (for foreign investors) and compare the price discovery role of the two segmented markets in China. Before Feb 19, 2001, the A-share market led the B-share market in price discovery, as the signed volume and quote revision of the A-share market had strong predictive ability for B-share quote returns, but not vice versa. After Feb 19, 2001, because some domestic investors were allowed to invest in the B-share market, we find evidence for a reverse causality from the B-share to the A-share market. Nevertheless, the [Hasbrouck (1995). One security, many markets: determining the contributions to price discovery, Journal of Finance 50, 1175–1199.] information share analysis reveals that A-shares continue to dominate the price discovery process.     

市场透明度改变影响交易者行为吗？

基于中国证券市场2003年12月8日提高市场透明度这一事件，本文对市场透明度提高对交易者行为的影响进行了研究。结果发现：市场透明度提高明显改变了交易者的交易策略，主要表现为交易者整体交易指令的激进程度降低，其中交易者减少提交市价指令，增加了撤单的频率。研究还发现，市场透明度提高导致交易者提交价格增进的限价指令的比例下降，而提交小额交易指令的比例增加，同时交易者对交易环境的改变具有学习与逐步适应的能力。     

Price-Matching Guarantees and Equilibrium Selection in a Homogenous Product Market: An Experimental Study

Price-matching guarantees have been alleged to sustain collusive prices in a homogenous product market. Theories in this literature also suggest that there exist multiple equilibria (i.e., a set of price equilibria between the competitive and the monopoly price) when all sellers adopt these guarantees in such a market. Theoretical prediction in this case fails to pin down the actual behavior of players a priori. This paper illustrates the essential role of controlled experiment in testing the collusive theory of price-matching guarantees and thereby shedding light on the embedded equilibrium selection problem. In particular, this paper studies two highly stylized market models, obtains testable predictions, and lays out the design of the controlled experiment. Results indicate that these guarantees facilitate collusion among sellers and thus solve the equilibrium selection problem considerably. I am grateful to Jim Cox, Martin Dufwenberg, Haimanti Bhattacharya, and the editor of this journal and the two referees for their suggestions. I thank seminar participants at the University of Arizona and North American Economic Science Association meeting at Tucson, 2003 for their helpful comments. A research grant from ESL, University of Arizona, for this project is gratefully acknowledged. I am solely responsible for any remaining errors and omissions.     

液化天然气在我国能源结构调整中的作用

针对国际油价持续走高，液化天然气（LNG）需求趋旺，LNG市场价格大幅上涨，分析了我国液化天然气产业的战略价值和天然气产业国际国内市场，提出了我国发展液化天然气产业应当采取的战略措施。     

国内成品油市场竞争的新格局

随着我国成品油市场的开放，国内成品油市场已经改变了原有格局。分析了当前成品油市场上各竞争主体，阐释了我国的成品油市场开始呈现的以中国石化、中国石油两大集团为主导，其他国有石油公司、民营企业、国际石油公司共同参与竞争的新格局。     

信贷市场、资本市场与我国的储蓄投资转化率

储蓄向投资转化是金融体系最基本的功能.本文首先从理论上论证信贷市场、资本市场在储蓄投资转化过程中是竞争又合作的动态互补关系,接着以灰色关联度的数量方法论证我国目前正处于金融体系历史演变阶段中的弱市场导向阶段,信贷市场仍然在储蓄向投资转化的过程中占主体地位,以股市为代表的资本市场对储蓄投资转化率的影响较小,但已呈现出向上发展的态势.我国应在加大银行部门发展的基础上大力发展资本市场,并从法律政策、政府监管等方面进行完善,充分发挥资本市场的作用,建立适合中国自身特点的金融结构.     

外资银行进入与中国银行业绩效、市场集中度的变化

我国入世过渡期已经结束,银行业已全面对外开放.外资银行进入将对我国银行业绩效和产业组织结构带来重要影响.本文基于我国14家银行1996～2005年的面板数据,就外资银行进入对我国银行的短期影响进行研究.实证结果表明,国内银行对外资银行营业性机构数量增加反应不敏感,经营成本和盈利同外资银行市场份额的增加正相关,我国银行业市场符合结构-行为-绩效范式.本文就我国银行业应对外资银行冲击的方略提出建议,即通过与外资银行股权合作弥补我国银行业不足,通过金融控股公司模式实现综合经营以提高我国银行业国际竞争力,积极学习、借鉴外资银行新的金融产品和管理经验.