Multimarket Contact and Rivalry over Knowledge‐based Resources

Research summary: Research shows that multimarket contact (MMC ) reduces rivalry involving downstream activities. Yet, studies showing that MMC can increase the threat of imitation suggest a need to better understand how MMC affects upstream rivalry over knowledge‐based resources. In this study, we argue that MMC increases rivalry over knowledge‐based resources since the deterrent threat of retaliation that typically leads to mutual forbearance in downstream activities will not be sufficient to restrain firms from protecting their knowledge from imitation in upstream activities. In support of these arguments we find that MMC increases the likelihood that a firm initiates patent litigation against a rival. This study suggests the relationship between MMC and rivalry may depend on the competitive domain and the type of resources over which firms are competing . Managerial Summary: How does market overlap or MMC affect rivalry between two competitors? Prior studies have largely found that an increase in market overlap decreases rivalry in less knowledge‐intensive context because of the deterrent threat of retaliation. However, in this paper, we argue that an increase in market overlap may not reduce rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive context because of heterogeneity in capabilities to protect knowledge. We find that a firm is more likely to initiate patent litigation against a rival as market overlap increases. Our findings suggest that the incentive to protect value across multiple product markets may surpass the motivation to cooperate with rivals and that managers should have a more nuanced view of how market overlap with competitors affects rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive contexts . Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量与饮片特征图谱的相关性

为了建立基于饮片特征图谱预测瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量指标的方法,探究瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量与饮片特征图谱的相关性。利用特征图谱对瞿麦（石竹）原料中不同药用部位的化学成分进行表征,明确差异峰,统计15批饮片特征图谱中差异峰占总特征峰的峰面积比值（α值）;同时依据国药瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒标准对制备的15批饮片瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒总黄酮含量、出膏率、浸出物含量等指标进行测定;采用Pearson相关性分析方法对饮片特征图谱中的α值与配方颗粒的总黄酮含量、出膏率、浸出物含量进行相关性分析,建立回归模型,并采用具有生产规模的6批瞿麦（石竹）原料、配方颗粒质量参数进行验证。结果表明：王不留行黄酮苷峰和皂草苷峰在饮片中不同药用部位的特征图谱存在相对峰面积差异,15批饮片中二者峰面积总和的α值为0.45～0.83;通过Pearson相关性分析发现,瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒的总黄酮含量、出膏率、浸出物含量与α值呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）,总黄酮含量与α值极强相关,出膏率、浸出物含量与α值强相关;依据相关性建立的3个回归模型,所得R²均大于0.7,模型拟合度较高,通过6批数据的验证发现预测值和实测值的相对标准偏差均小于15%,说明模型有较好的准确性。研究利用原料特征图谱中的α值能够初步预测所得瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒的各指标范围,并可实现源头控制瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量,保证所得配方颗粒质量的可控性。     

高校专利技术转化价值评估及其法律问题探析

针对高校专利技术转化现状,分析了高校专利技术转化价值的影响因素及评估中的相关法律问题,提出高校专利技术的真正价值内涵在于运用知识产权制度,将专利技术优势转化为经济效益和社会效益。为此,高校需强化专利技术转化价值的意识和评估观念,形成以专利技术的研发、保护、转化、运营为中心环节的知识产权管理体系。     

提高我国高新技术产业专利产出水平的对策研究

我国高新技术产业专利申请数量虽然增长很快,但同时又存在缺乏自主创新、产出数量少、发明专利少、产出效率低、缺少研发人才等问题。提高我国高新技术产业专利产出水平,必须从战略上确立自主创新发展自己的核心技术、实施企业专利战略、提高科技投入强度和效率、保护知识产权、营造创新环境、建设创新型科技队伍。     

An intelligent and secure system for predicting and preventing Zika virus outbreak using Fog computing

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne disease that spreads very quickly in different parts of the world. In this article, we proposed a system to prevent and control the spread of Zika virus disease using integration of Fog computing, cloud computing, mobile phones and the Internet of things (IoT)-based sensor devices. Fog computing is used as an intermediary layer between the cloud and end users to reduce the latency time and extra communication cost that is usually found high in cloud-based systems. A fuzzy k-nearest neighbour is used to diagnose the possibly infected users, and Google map web service is used to provide the geographic positioning system (GPS)-based risk assessment to prevent the outbreak. It is used to represent each Zika virus (ZikaV)-infected user, mosquito-dense sites and breeding sites on the Google map that help the government healthcare authorities to control such risk-prone areas effectively and efficiently. The proposed system is deployed on Amazon EC2 cloud to evaluate its performance and accuracy using data set for 2 million users. Our system provides high accuracy of 94.5% for initial diagnosis of different users according to their symptoms and appropriate GPS-based risk assessment.     

数字动漫企业核心竞争力与专利布局的关联性分析

数字动漫产业作为21世纪最具成长潜力的文化创意产业,在世界经济结构转型中创造着巨大的经济价值。在全球化的竞争时代下,要创造领先优势,取得专利权的保护并进行战略性专利布局是一种重要的手段。而对于技术密集的数字动漫产业而言,企业的专利拥有量及布局管理更是其核心竞争力的体现。     

专利联盟的垄断性分析

科技时代的竞争就是专利战略的竞争。发达国家的许多企业早已将专利战略视为发展的生命线和护身符,并对我国企业的发展产生影响,本文从经济学角度对这一问题进行更为深入的分析。     

基于战略地图的战略执行风险控制研究——一个整合的模型框架

市场环境的加速变化使企业面临的竞争压力不断增加。只有降低战略执行风险,才能实现企业的战略目标,获得长久的竞争能力。本文在分析战略执行风险产生的原因和战略风险控制工具利弊的基础上,提出了基于战略地图的战略执行风险控制整合框架,将战略地图、平衡计分卡、预算管理等管理工具集成于战略执行管理过程,实现功能互补,提高战略执行力,降低战略的执行风险,确保战略目标的实现。     

科技计划项目与专利产出的相关性研究——基于C市的案例分析

分析科技计划项目与专利产出的相关性,有利于优化科技计划项目、提高科技投入绩效。研究表明,科技计划项目有效支撑了区域专利产出水平,尤其是优势产业项目、企业项目和重大项目的专利产出尤其突出。应从优化科技管理体制、提高项目支持力度、完善项目管理、积极扶持中小企业等方面入手,进一步提高科技计划项目的专利产出水平。     

中国民族工业保护的早期经验及启示

对民族工业的适度保护可以促进民族工业的发展与壮大。本文认为,近代中国对民族工业的保护措施及其效果为:专利制度对部分企业的有限保护、关税对民族企业的微弱保护、国货运动对民族企业的有力保护。中国早期对民族工业的保护经验,对于正处在全球化之中的当代中国企业有着重要借鉴意义。