Intergenerational Differences in Income and Wealth: Evidence from Britain

How do average levels of income and wealth differ in Britain for those born between the 1930s and 1980s? Those in the 1980s cohort are the first post‐war generation not to have higher median incomes in their early 30s than those born a decade earlier, though they have much higher incomes than those born in the 1960s and earlier. Median wealth for those in the 1980s cohort is 20 per cent lower in their early 30s than it was for those born in the 1970s. This is driven by lower property wealth and homeownership: 40 per cent at age 30 for the 1980s cohort, compared with 55 per cent for the 1970s cohort.     

政府隐性负债分析

政府隐性负债是客观存在的事实，而且在目前表现得相当突出，这给政府财政造成了极大的压力。隐性负债大致可分为直接的隐性负债和或有的隐性负债两种类型，并各有不同的表现形式。对隐笥负债风险的防范与化解，要从预算管理、提高预算内收入所占比重、体制改革、政府与市场共同化解等多方面入手。特别是要充分发挥市场机制的作用，要通过进一步深化改革，建立风险分担的机制和制度。     

山西省基本养老保障均等化研究

基本养老保障是关乎每一位社会成员年老后生存与生活的根本保证,基本养老保障均等化是实现每一位社会成员公平享有基本养老待遇的必要前提.基本养老保障均等化的基点是居民养老权均等,政府是基本养老保障均等化的供给基础和责任主体.山西省城乡居民不仅在制度层面获得平等参与社会基本养老保险的机会,而且在实践层面开始初步享有均等的基本养老保障服务,但是均等化的实现仍面临一系列严峻挑战,一些阻碍基本养老保障均等化的深层次问题也尚未触及,改革的任务还相当繁重.本文从养老保险制度、缴费率和养老保险金替代率等层面探讨了实现山西省基本养老保障均等化的阻碍、目标和路径.     

企业年金的国际比较及我国企业年金制度改革的探析

我国的企业年金目前正处于起步阶段,还没有一套完善的企业年金制度。与企业年金发达国家相比,我国现行企业年金制度存在着明显的法律法规缺失、政府税收优惠不明显及基金投资渠道不合理的现象。借鉴国外经验,结合我国企业年金的现状和发展趋势,我国多层次养老保障体系中企业年金制度的设计应及时建立针对企业年金的法律法规体系;合理发挥政府的引导作用,强化对企业年金的监管和扶持;结合实际逐步拓宽我国企业年金基金的投资渠道。     

企业年金会计制度变迁及发展建议

企业年金制度已经成为世界各国养老保险三大支柱中的重要支柱之一。在制度建设的同时，各国也把企业年金与会计问题结合起来，形成了一套企业年金会计制度体系。本文分析了国内外企业年金会计制度的变迁，在此基础上探讨了我国企业年金会计实务中存在的问题，并对完善我国年金会计制度提出了几点建议。     

我国城镇基本养老保险个人账户定位剖析

我国基本养老保险个人账户资金规模要适度,由劳动与社会保障部统一管理。为提高职工缴费的积极性,关键在于提高个人账户的收益率,实现有效保值增值。我国基本养老保险个人账户的"空账"实质是以不明晰的债权形式存在。当前所讨论的"做实"个人账户,实质是个人账户资产存在形式的转换。对于历史"空账",不应该立即"做实",而应比较机会成本与效益,逐步"做实"。而对于新缴纳的个人账户资金,则应明晰产权,不能随便挪用,但当统筹基金不足时,可以有偿使用。个人账户待遇以自身平衡为原则。     

农村“空巢老人”养老问题成因的社会学探析

农村养老问题一直以来是农民个体颇为关注的焦点问题,国内学者对此已做了较多研究与解读。本文基于国家的宏观政策背景,在借鉴其他学者多方位研究的基础上,运用美国社会学家帕森斯AGIL模型来系统分析以往农村＂空巢养老＂模式解读所存在的不足,为合理构建农村＂空巢老人＂新型养老模式提供社会学的解释路径。     

日本农村养老保险制度的建设经验及启示

日本于20世纪60年代初进入了“国民皆年金”的时代,相应地农民也被纳入了社会养老保险体系当中,经过半个世纪的制度建设,日本已经建立了相对完善的农村养老保险体系,有效保障了农民的养老生活。中国农业和农村问题与日本有诸多相似之处,如农业经营都以家庭为单位、经营规模小、经营分散,农村城市化快速发展,农村人口面临老龄化等问题。日本的探索和经验积累将会为构建符合中国国情的农村养老保险制度提供有益的参考。     

Les effets du gel d'une caisse de retraite sur la performance et le risque des entreprises

This study considers the effect of freezing defined benefit pension funds on shareholder risk and returns. The conditional models used in this study directly assess the effects of a pension fund freeze on returns and on systematic and residual risk. While pension fund freezes do not significantly affect performance or systematic risk, they do significantly reduce short‐term residual risk. Pension fund freezes therefore do not generally present significant financial advantages to shareholders. Only shareholders of funds in crisis would benefit from significant systematic risk reductions. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RISK‐MINIMIZATION FOR LIFE INSURANCE LIABILITIES WITH DEPENDENT MORTALITY RISK

In this paper, we study the pricing and hedging of typical life insurance liabilities for an insurance portfolio with dependent mortality risk by means of the well‐known risk‐minimization approach. As the insurance portfolio consists of individuals of different age cohorts in order to capture the cross‐generational dependency structure of the portfolio, we introduce affine models for the mortality intensities based on Gaussian random fields that deliver analytically tractable results. We also provide specific examples consistent with historical mortality data and correlation structures. Main novelties of this work are the explicit computations of risk‐minimizing strategies for life insurance liabilities written on an insurance portfolio composed of primary financial assets (a risky asset and a money market account) and a family of longevity bonds, and the simultaneous consideration of different age cohorts.