Pension profile preferences: the influence of trust and expected expenses

This paper studies the influence of people’s expectations about expenses during retirement and trust in pension funds on preferences for different pension arrangements. Although most workers prefer a flat-rate annuity, many workers want to deviate from it. The most popular option is a high/low, annuity-based profile, followed by a partial lump sum payment. Workers who expect declining expenses during retirement are more likely to opt for a high/low annuity-based pension and/or a lump sum payment at retirement. Furthermore, workers and pensioners who do not trust their pension fund are more likely to prefer a lump sum over annuity-based arrangements.     

Does the NDC scheme mimic the French point system?

After the implementation of the notional defined contribution (NDC) pension scheme in Italy and Sweden in the ‘90s, some authors argued that its design merely replicates the functioning of the points-based pension schemes already in place in France and Germany. The aim of this article is to assess the soundness of this proposition by comparing the properties of the French points-based pension system (FPS) with those of the NDC scheme, which refrains from intra-cohort redistributions by ensuring substantial uniformity of individual rates of return. In order to assess to what extent the FPS also avoids intra-cohort redistributions, we run several simulations for different career patterns. The results of the simulations show that the discretionary adjustments embedded in the FPS are responsible for random, regressive redistributions. Finally, the article identifies the theoretical ‘equivalence condition’ showing that full correspondence between the two schemes would require replacing the discretionary mechanisms of the FPS with an automatic adjustment of point values.     

At What Age Do You Expect to Retire? Retirement Expectations and Increases in the Statutory Retirement Age

We analyse the extent to which an increase in the statutory retirement age affects individuals' retirement expectations. Understanding how individuals adjust their expectations is crucial to the evaluation of this policy, since retirement expectations directly affect other important decisions such as labour supply, engagement in (further) education and, of course, savings and investments. We consider the 2007 German pension reform that legislated an increase in the statutory retirement age from 65 years to 67. Our analysis is based on a longitudinal study that directly asks respondents at what age they expect to retire. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we look at the changes in subjective retirement expectations over time and estimate the extent to which they can be attributed to the 2007 reform. We find that the reform shifted the retirement expectations of the younger cohorts, although there is some heterogeneity in the way individuals adjusted. While there are no significant differences between men and women, lower‐educated individuals failed to revise their expectations. As these individuals usually acquire both lower pension claims and lower private savings, the fact that they have been slower in updating their retirement expectations causes concern regarding their income security after retirement.     

杭州市养老服务设施空间优化与政府管制研究——基于Semi-Markov模型分析

中国老龄化问题日趋严峻,居家养老成为趋势,但当前社区养老服务设施无法满足居家老人的需求。文章探讨老人行为及养老服务设施利用与政府管制。采用整群随机抽样入户调查的方法,对200名中老年人进行了问卷访谈,得到117份有效问卷。研究发现,中老年人多为单目的地行为模式;中老年人在养老服务设施中耗费的时间,与养老设施本身布局以及交通方式有关;中老年人对购物需求和娱乐需求远大于医疗需求。社区养老服务设施应多元化,合理布局,并受相关政府部门管制。     

公共养老储备基金资产配置比较研究与启示——基于挪威、法国、爱尔兰、新西兰四国公共养老储备基金比较分析

公共养老储备基金的资产配置策略是以储备基金的营运目标为导向制定的。设定基准投资组合、分散化的全球资产配置、重视新兴市场与社会责任投资、再平衡策略与动态资产配置策略并重等成为近年来各国共公告养老储备基金资产配置的主要特征。基于全国社会保障基金的投资实践,文章提出了制定差异化的资产配置策略以实现不同阶段目标,投资监管模式和资产配置策略同步创新以实现投资监管与投资实践良性互动,加快资产配置策略的全球布局以实现区域经济套利和人口红利套利,注重储备基金的责任投资导向、凸显养老金绿色投资功能的改革建议。     

在利益博弈中寻求平衡:地方政府社会基本养老保障制度决策逻辑分析

我国社会基本养老保障制度区域政策差异显著,其政策形成是由地方政府主导并与中央政府、企业和民众利益博弈决策。各博弈主体均有不同利益诉求,分别表现为绩效考核、公共财政、经济发展与民生诉求,均对社会基本养老保障供给产生不同性质与大小作用力,而地方政府决策逻辑是在与各主体利益博弈基础上寻求平衡决策。在假设经济发展与民生诉求为固有矛盾前提下,现阶段地方决策是在公共财政与民生诉求间平衡,但当绩效考核与公共财政因素变化,或各利益诉求均有利于或均不利于社会基本养老保障提供的极端情况时,地方政府会有不同决策选择。     

养老保险与公共财政领域的代际负担——四种测量模型简

以现收现付为例介绍“政府总财政平衡”、“养老金负债净额”、“代际核算”、“隐性税收”四种模型的基本内涵,以及测量人口老龄化对养老保险体系或财政体系收支平衡的影响,认为社会养老保险必然出现代际不公平,人口老龄化对代际负担的影响测量复杂,代际公平应成为研究人口老龄化影响、评价养老保险长期发展的关键。     

我国城镇基本养老保险个人账户定位剖析

我国基本养老保险个人账户资金规模要适度,由劳动与社会保障部统一管理。为提高职工缴费的积极性,关键在于提高个人账户的收益率,实现有效保值增值。我国基本养老保险个人账户的"空账"实质是以不明晰的债权形式存在。当前所讨论的"做实"个人账户,实质是个人账户资产存在形式的转换。对于历史"空账",不应该立即"做实",而应比较机会成本与效益,逐步"做实"。而对于新缴纳的个人账户资金,则应明晰产权,不能随便挪用,但当统筹基金不足时,可以有偿使用。个人账户待遇以自身平衡为原则。     

国企经营者报酬问题之我见

经营者报酬确定的依据有：经营者的人力资本成本；经营者人力资本所创造的价值；经营者人才的供求状况等。我国企业经营者的报酬体现不出其经营业绩。由于国有企业的特殊性，国企经营者的报酬体系设计，除考虑基薪和奖励报酬外，最主要的是要建立国企经营者的特殊高额退休金制度，提高其退休金期望，才能起到长期激励的效果。