频控阵特征及应用前景综述

频控阵是近年来提出的一种新体制阵列技术。与传统相控阵不同的是,频控阵通过在不同通道附加很小的频偏,使其波束图在远场成为随位置、角度和时间变化的函数。频控阵这种新波束的特征产生许多新的功能,具有很多独特的应用优势和广阔的发展应用前景。首先介绍了频控阵发展历程和基本原理,然后分析了频控阵技术实现难点,最后指出了频控阵可能的应用和发展方向。     

退休冲击、消费动态支出变动及消费结构优化*——基于企业、机关事业单位退休人员消费影响因素的比较

中国经济已进入新常态,然而老龄化趋势日益严重,靠出口和投资拉动的滞后经济增长模式,使得中国转型阶段面临两大核心挑战--退休冲击和国内消费不足。如何应对退休危机,提升居民消费,是亟待解决的问题。本文从中国“养老金双轨制”这一热点问题切入,选取了中国1998-2014年30个地区宏观面板数据分静态和动态两大部分对理论进行实证检验,重点分析企业和事业单位退休冲击对城镇居民消费的影响。在居民总消费支出水平方面,企业单位退休冲击对其具有显著抑制作用,机关事业单位退休冲击对其具有显著正向效应。居民消费结构方面,情况较为复杂。产生这些异质效应的主要原因在于退休双轨制造成的不平等差异和两类退休人群自身主观区别等。鉴于此,本文提出了释放并轨改革的消费效应,完善养老、医疗等社会保障体系,稳定居民消费预期,调整市场结构,推动老龄产业和银发市场的发展等政策建议。       

Tax and transfer programs,retirement behavior,and work hours over the life cycle

In this paper, we use a computable overlapping generations model economy to analyze the quantitative effects of some reforms on tax and transfer programs, aimed at easing the tax burden on the labor supply of older workers. We focus on retirement behavior, work hours over the life cycle, and efficiency gains. We find that the labor supply of older workers is very responsive to changes in tax and transfer programs and show that the gains, in terms of old-age work hours, are non-trivial. However, we also find that longer careers may not substantially increase aggregate hours because workers may reallocate labor supply over the life cycle in response to retiring later. Moreover, since longer careers may also reduce saving rates, we also find that changes in tax and transfer programs aimed at boosting the employment rates of the elderly may reduce output per head.     

Consumer Expenditures and Home Production at Retirement – New Evidence from Germany

Abstract. This paper investigates consumer expenditures of German households pre‐ and post‐retirement. The widely observed distinct drop in spending upon retirement entry poses an empirical puzzle since life cycle theory predicts smoothing of the marginal utility of consumption over time. As one explanation, I explore the role of home production as a substitute for consumer expenses. Taking a combined look at consumer expenditures and time use pre‐ and post‐retirement, I find a significant drop of about 17% of pre‐retirement expenses at retirement which coincides with an increase in time spent on home production of an additional 89 minutes per day, accounting for 21% of average home production.     

Exchange rate volatility and the role of regional currency linkages: the ASEAN case

As the economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have moved towards closer economic ties and trade integration in recent years, the establishment of exchange rate stability is becoming an important regional policy concern, particularly in the wake of the Asian currency crisis of 1997. This paper examines the exchange rate volatility of the currencies of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand between 1974 and 1999. Using variance decomposition (VDC) methods and impulse response functions, which are VAR-related estimation techniques, the study also investigates the regional currency linkages which may have played a role in transmitting exchange rate fluctuations. The results indicate that, in spite of the adoption of the crawling peg exchange regime following the breakup of the Bretton Woods system, all of the five ASEAN currencies experienced volatility, with the Indonesian rupiah posting the highest volatility level. The switch to de facto pegging against the US dollar in the mid-1980s helped to stabilize all ASEAN currencies with the exception of the Malaysian ringgit. Each of the five currencies became more susceptible to instabilities in other ASEAN currencies in the post-1985 period. Consistent with the experience of the Asian currency crisis, the Thai baht was the main channel through which regional currency fluctuations were transmitted.     

基本养老保险制度下女性养老金水平研究——兼析养老金性别差异

基本养老保险制度运行10多年来,在提供退休保障方面发挥了重要的积极作用。但女性养老金问题值得高度重视。其中,女性退休年龄是影响养老金水平的重要因素,还带来了养老金性别差异。女性退休年龄已经与政策目标以及预期寿命不符,对既不利于保障退休生活,也不利于制度的健康持续发展。从国际比较看,我国女性退休年龄低于国际及亚太地区平均水平,而养老金替代率的性别差异也明显大于国际水平。因此,应在统筹考虑我国养老金体系建设的前提下,抓紧研究论证提高退休年龄,特别是先行逐步提高女性退休年龄的方式方法。     

Myopic Loss Aversion in Brazilian Open Retirement Funds

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes the relationship between withdrawals from Brazilian open retirement funds, portfolio composition (fixed income or equity) and frequency of statement sending (monthly, quarterly, semiannually or annually). Our results indicate that equity retirement plans present a lower withdrawal index when compared to that of fixed income plans. Furthermore, the higher the statement sending frequency, the lower the withdrawals from open retirement plans. However, withdrawals from equity retirement plans tend to increase when statements are sent to investors more frequently. These phenomena can be explained by behaviorist theories, such as the concept of myopic loss aversion. In a context where loss aversion is present, the more frequently the investor evaluates his or her portfolio, or the shorter the investment horizon, the less attractive he or she will find investment in assets with a high rate of return and risk, such as equities. This behavior occurs not only regarding short-term investments, but also traditional long-term assets such as equity retirement plans.

RESUMEN. Este estudio analiza la relación existente entre las retiradas de los fondos abiertos de jubilación brasileños, la composición de la cartera (ingreso fijo o patrimonio), y la frecuencia del envío de estados financieros (mensual, trimestral, semestral o anualmente). Nuestros resultados indican que los planes de jubilación patrimonial tienen un índice de retirada menor, en comparación con los planes de ingreso fijo. Además, cuanto mayor la frecuencia de los estados financieros, menor es la retirada de los planes abiertos de jubilación. Sin embargo, las retiradas de los planes de jubilación patrimoniales tienden a aumentar cuando los estados se envían a los inversores con más frecuencia. Este fenómeno puede explicarse con las teorías comportamentales, tales como el concepto de la aversión miope a la pérdida. En un contexto donde la aversión a la pérdida es una realidad, cuanto mayor la frecuencia con que el inversor pueda evaluar su carera, o menor el horizonte de inversión, menos atractivas considerará él las inversiones en activos con un alto retorno y riesgo, tal como las acciones. Este comportamiento ocurre no sólo en las inversiones a corto plazo, sino también en los activos a largo plazo, como los planes de jubilación patrimoniales.

RESUMO. Este artigo analisa a relação entre as retiradas dos fundos abertos de aposentadoria brasileiros, a composição da carteira (renda fixa ou ações) e a freqüência da remessa de extratos (mensal, trimestral ou semestral). Nossos resultados indicam que os planos de aposentadoria que aplicam em ações apresentam um índice de retirada menor em comparação com os planos de renda fixa. Além disso, quanto maior a freqüência de remessa de extratos, menores as retiradas dos planos abertos de aposentadoria. Entretanto, as retiradas dos planos de aposentadoria que aplicam em ações tendem a aumentar quando o extrato é enviado aos investidores commais freqüência. Esses fenômenos podem ser explicados por teorias behavioristas, como o conceito de aversão míope à perda. Num contexto onde a aversão à perda esteja presente, quanto maior a freqüência com que o investidor avalia a sua carteira, ou quanto menor o horizonte do investimento, menos atraente ele achará o investimento em ativos com alto retorno e risco, como ações. Esse comportamento ocorre não apenas em investimentos a curto prazo, mas também nos ativos tradicionais de longo prazo como os planos de aposentadoria com aplicação em ações.     

新型宽带数字多波束相控阵天线设计

传统相控阵天线系统为实现多波束,在重量、体积、功耗等方面会有明显的增加,系统的基 本可靠性也显著降低。基于软件无线电思想,利用超外差结构实现宽带信号变频,并对瞬时 带宽内的信号同时进行模/数或数/模变换,再根据串口提供的每个波束方位、俯仰和频率等 信息,在基带实现数字多波束形成。设计了一套S频段、瞬时宽带100MHz的数字多波束 相控阵天线系统。测试结果表明,该天线可收发同时形成3个独立波束,每个波束在俯仰面0 °～70°、方位面全向的扫描范围内实现EIRP值不小于40 dBm,G/T值不小于-20 dB/K的优良指标。该设计可以有效提高系统灵活性,降低系统的复杂度。     

高校教师对延迟退休年龄意愿的实证研究——基于成都市高校教师的调查

通过PPS抽样从成都市随机抽取了九所高校,并就其专任教师对延迟退休年龄的意愿进行了问卷调查,得到影响成都市高校教师退休意愿影响因素的数据,建立了二维选择logistic回归模型。是否延迟退休年龄的主要影响因素为性别、收入、和身体健康状况。对赞成延迟退休教师的意愿退休年龄进行了分布检验,发现其服从正态分布,并预测出赞成延迟退休的男教师意愿退休年龄为64-65岁,女教师的意愿退休年龄为61-62岁。     

供电企业固定资产报废管理探析

供电企业是典型的资产密集型企业,而且随着坚强智能电网的全面建设,电网固定资产投资的需求量也日益增大,与此同时资产的拆除报废数量也同步增加,产生的损失直接减少企业利润。本文以超大型供电企业F为例,对固定资产报废管理的实务操作进行较深入的探析。