场所依恋研究：概念、进展和趋势

场所依恋研究人与场所之间积极的情感联系，是跨越多学科领域的综合性概念，近几十年来成为较热的研究领域。梳理了场所依恋的概念框架以及包括维度构成、测量方法和影响因素等方面的研究发展，通过对目前场所依恋研究趋势的分析，发现游憩场所研究兴趣增加，但仍然存在未解决的研究问题，场所的物理维度、社会维度与场所依恋的关系研究存在一定的难点，关于游憩场所以及场所维度的研究具有很大的研究潜力。目前对场所依恋情感因素方面的研究较少，且主要集中在社会心理学和人文地理学领域，场所依恋的情感因素具有较大的研究空间与潜力。     

Risk Judgments in Climbers: The Role of Difficulty,Meteorological Conditions,Confidence and Appropriate Tools

Risk perception among climbers is a factor that can contribute to injury prevention. The purpose of this study was to analyze how expert climbers make judgments about potential risks to their safety. Specifically, we studied how climbers combine the available information on environmental conditions and personal resources in order to arrive at risk judgments. Sixteen distinct scenarios were presented to 134 climbers, and their risk perception related to each situation was recorded. Findings revealed that all variables were highly relevant for determining risk perception. When all variables were present at the same time, confidence was found to minimize the perception of risks caused by environmental conditions, such as difficult climbing. We conclude that an understanding of how expert climbers combine relevant information in order to judge risk can offer ways for them to take more effective preventive measures against injuries, specifically to identify hazards and their combined effects.     

Economic Education in Korea: Current Status and Changes

The authors describe key aspects of precollege and undergraduate economic education in Korea. They show that precollege students seem to have low economics literacy due to problems with the curriculum and insufficient training of teachers. At the undergraduate level, they show that economics departments have more male students than female students and that the employment rate for economics majors is lower than for business majors. They hope to draw more of Korean economists' attention to research initiatives in economic education.     

The Professional Development of Graduate Students for Teaching Activities: The Students’ Perspective

This article provides insight into the skill-development activities of graduate students at U.S. institutions providing graduate education in economics. The authors document the extent of student participation in and preparation for teaching-related activities while in graduate school, finding that more than 50 percent of students are involved in teaching-related activities such as grading, leading recitation sections, and teaching their own sections and that most were satisfied with their preparation. Important differences in participation in these activities are highlighted by assistantship assignments, institution rank, and gender. Findings suggest that programs could do more to prepare students for participation in teaching specific professional activities after graduation.     

我国高校青年教师实践能力培育探讨

要培养大学生的实践能力和创新能力,首先教师应该具备较强的实践能力。然而,很多高校教师特别是青年教师实践能力普遍很低,不足以胜任大学生实践能力的培养。因此,文章分析了当前我国高校青年教师实践能力的现状与存在的主要问题,在借鉴国外院校提升教师实践能力成功经验的基础上,重点讨论了如何培育和提升高校青年教师的实践能力。     

‘It made me feel powerful’: women’s gendered embodiment and physical empowerment in the martial arts

This paper presents data collected from 11 females and explores their gendered and embodied experiences of the martial arts. Our research suggests that through their involvement in the martial arts, women develop physical strength, which leads to individual physical empowerment. Furthermore, the women note their involvement in the martial arts increases their confidence to defend themselves and challenge their gendered embodiment. However, despite acquiring physical strength that challenges their previous forms of gendered embodiment, their experiences remain predominantly at the level of individual empowerment. Thus, the women do not problematise normative views of gendered embodiment which position women as weak and men as strong. Nor do the women in this study question the pressure on females’ bodies to be toned and feminine. Drawing predominantly on physical feminism, we question and problematise the concepts of women’s empowerment and gendered embodiment through women’s experiences of the martial arts.     

Socioeconomic Effects on the Stature of Nineteenth-Century US Women

Using a new source of nineteenth-century state prison records and robust statistics, this study contrasts the effects of social conditions on the stature of comparable African American and white women during the economic development of the United States. Across the stature distribution, Great Lakes, Plains, and Southern women were taller than women with other US and international nativities. Women from the Northeast and Middle Atlantic were the shortest within the US, but were taller than British and European immigrants. White women were consistently taller than black women. Stature also varied over time with industrialization and emancipation. Across the stature distribution, women in outdoor, unskilled occupations were taller than women in indoor, skilled occupations. These results show that US women's average statures reflect net nutritional conditions that are not available in traditional measures of economic well-being.     

新疆石河子垦区农产品物流问题研究

近年来,新疆生产建设兵团的农业产业化发展速度走在了全国前列。目前,已建成棉花、粮食、畜牧和林果等四大基地。但农产品物流不畅已经成为了制约新疆生产建设兵团农业现代化的瓶颈。文章首先界定了农产品物流模式的概念,然后进一步分析了石河子垦区农产品物流模式存在的问题;最后针对石河子垦区农产品物流模式存在的问题,提出了优化措施。     

The impacts of complaint efforts on customer satisfaction and loyalty

ABSTRACT

This study identifies the depth structure of customer complaint efforts and investigates the roles of each dimension in the structural relations with customer satisfaction and loyalty. Three dimensions of customer complaint efforts were identified, procedural effort, cognitive effort, and affective effort in the restaurant context. This study uses two subsamples to develop and validate the proposed three-dimension customer complaint efforts scale. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the first subsample of 211 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied on the second subsample of 328 participants. It is found that customers’ physical/procedural and cognitive efforts exerted during the complaint resolution process compound their affective efforts, which further reduce customer satisfaction with the complaint process and erode customer behavioral and attitudinal loyalty. This study bridges the research gap gaps and provides managerial implications to help reduce customer complaint efforts and ensure positive customer behaviors.