Why do boycotts sometimes increase sales? Consumer activism in the age of political polarization

In this article, we argue that the occurrence, trajectory, and impact of consumer activism are in large part driven by the political environment in which firms operate, particularly by their country’s level of polarization and the political makeup of their core customer base. In environments characterized by low levels of political polarization, companies are embroiled in a relatively small number of political controversies, and as a result are rarely the target of consumer activism. Conversely, in highly polarized environments, people’s political sensibilities are easily offended, which leads to a relatively large number of political controversies. These controversies tend to arise along party lines, meaning they elicit a consumer boycott exclusively from one side of the political spectrum. Such partisan boycotts lead people on the other side of the political spectrum to rally around the company at the center of the controversy and to purchase more of its products. Whether a company’s sales end up decreasing or increasing depends on the nature of the issue at the heart of the controversy as well as on the political beliefs of its core customer base. We conclude by describing how companies can successfully navigate this complex interplay between political polarization, consumer activism, and customers’ political preferences.     

区域知识溢出的集群效应研究

通过对知识溢出区域空间演化过程的分析,认为受自然地理因素和经济地理因素影响的知识溢出是集群效应产生的动力源泉。利用空间距离聚集度指标,对区域企业集群知识溢出的形成、集群分布及集群强弱和范围进行深入研究。研究表明:知识的空间根植性决定了知识溢出倾向于在一定空间实现区位极化。企业的地理集聚和区域知识溢出之间存在正向互动作用。     

中国区域间农村居民收入差异及极化研究

本文利用GE指教的区域分解发现,东、中、西部地带间不平等解释了农村居民收入总体不平等的70%以上,沿海.内陆地带间不平等解释了总体不平等的50%以上.利用KZ极化指数发现,农村居民收入在极化方向上主要体现在沿海和内陆之间以及高经济发展水平地区和低经济发展水平地区之间,而高财政分权和低财政分权在区域之间的极化程度并不明显.     

一种基于简化极化敏感阵列的APES波束形成算法

为了有效降低极化敏感阵列各共点分量之间互耦的相互影响,进一步提高极化阵列的滤波性能,基于新的阵列模型提出了幅度相位估计（APES）波束形成算法。首先,给出了简化极化阵列的布阵模型和接收信号模型;然后,针对简化极化阵列给出了极化APES波束形成算法的详细理论推导,得到了最优权向量的表达式;最后,通过仿真实验验证了极化APES在波束形成方面的有效性。仿真结果表明该算法在强期望信号功率、低采样快拍数或是存在相干干扰的情况下都具有稳定的波束图。     

基于全极化SAR与多光谱的喀斯特山区农村林地提取

[目的]为加快推动贵州省"互联网+"林业建设,打破贵州喀斯特高原山区遥感监测瓶颈,选取了空间分辨率8m的Radarsat-2全极化SAR数据与空间分辨率6m的SPOT 6多光谱影像作为数据源,探究微波与光学遥感结合在喀斯特山区农村地区的林地提取技术。[方法]首先采用ENVI SARscape与NEST软件对SAR图像预处理。将Radarsat-2全极化数据与SPOT 6标准假彩色影像进行HSV融合。计算融合图像的平均梯度、信息熵、标准差与均值,评价出最优融合效果的极化方式。基于K均值(K-means)与最大期望(EM聚类)聚类算法分割图像,选择合适的算法,基于聚类分割的阈值进行面向对象的林地分类。最后,基于像素的混淆矩阵精度评价,结合贵州省林业厅调查数据、野外样方和航拍图,建立参考样本评价分类结果。[结果](1)融合之后,目视解译出林地边缘明显但较粗糙;对于在林地中小面积建筑物、农田中的较分散的林地小图斑能够识别,但边缘粗糙;有林地和灌木林地在色调上区分明显;在融合后的明度图中的灌木林地有明度较大的像元,此类像元为石旮旯地。(2)通过定量分析,融合之后的影像较SAR和光学数据信息量大。同极化平均梯度大于交叉极化,HH极化方式下各指标最大。图像EM聚类分割比K-means聚类更加细化。EM聚类图像的特征区分明显;(3)研究分类出了有林地、灌木林地和其他林地。面向对象的林地分类总体分类精度达到85.71%。[结论]研究将微波与光学遥感结合,为喀斯特山区中农村地区的林地提取提供新思路,与传统的林地监测相比,数据获取快捷,提高工作效率,精度准确。有助于通过遥感的手段解决地块破碎区域的林地提取问题,为提高多源遥感技术在喀斯特农村地区中的林地智能监测的能力提供借鉴。     

运用分享经济理论破解当前中国经济两大难题

当前,我国经济面临两大难题:一是财富和收入分配严重失衡,贫富分化日趋严重,已经出现两极分化现象;二是从2010年7月起出现新一轮通货膨胀,来势凶猛,蔓延迅速,可能酿成“滞胀”风险.目前,应让实行了数年的凯恩斯政策组合淡出,尽快进行微观经济运行机制重塑,在企业初次分配领域引入利益分享制度,在全社会推行企业净收入分成制和利润分享制的经济模式,以取代原有的工资制经济模式.     

新型宽波束圆极化天线--微带介质天线

通过在微带天线中引入介质天线原理，提出了一种以简单方式展宽微带天线波束和提高低仰角增益的新方法，从而发明了一种新型宽波束天线－微带介质天线。该天线具有极宽的波束、较高的低仰角增益和波束范围内有较好的圆极化性能等特点。文中给出了天线的原理、设计公式和实验结果。     

收入分配的极化测度理论研究述评

随着收入分配问题研究的深入,极化(polarization)的重要性也引起了更多的重视。本文从极化的概念入手,详细梳理了近二十年来学术界关于极化测度理论的两大类研究成果,并指出了这两类极化测度指标之间的区别、联系以及在实际运用过程中选取指标所要考虑的因素,最后阐述了极化理论研究尚存的不足以及未来的研究方向。     

中国资本市场一体化测度与利益评估

中国经济发展转型道路上,资本市场一体化的重要性日益凸显.但我国资本市场分割问题仍较为严重,对国民经济持续健康发展构成严重制约.文章通过比较资本生产率和资本边际产出的地区差异与产业差异,对我国资本市场一体化程度及其变化趋势进行测度,并基于政策模拟方法评估资本市场一体化的潜在利益,最后给出若干结论与建议.     

Roles of Income Polarization,Income Inequality and Ethnic Fractionalization in Social Conflicts: An Empirical Study of Indonesian Provinces, 2002–2012

Previous studies have cited inequality as a major factor relating to conflicts in Indonesia, while consideration of polarization and fractionalization as drivers of conflict is limited. The current paper examined the roles of three indices (polarization, inequality and fractionalization) in explaining the incidence of conflicts in Indonesian provinces over 2002–2012. This study used income (proxied by expenditure) differences to measure polarization and inequality, with subnational data as the unit of analysis. In addition, to complete the analysis, the present study used a variety of socioeconomic indicators as additional control variables. This paper verified that the high degrees of income polarization, ethnic fractionalization and income inequality are associated with the high probability of conflicts in Indonesian provinces. It also found that socioeconomic factors such as poverty, unemployment, population and natural resources, as well as some types of local government spending are significantly associated with conflicts.