中国地区工业部门二氧化碳排放量及碳排放约束下全要素生产率测算

估算了电力、热力的CO2折算系数,据此精确测算了1995—2008年中国29个省(自治区、直辖市)工业部门的CO2排放量,并运用方向性距离函数模型计算了考虑和不考虑CO2排放两种情形下各省区的工业TFP。结果显示:考虑CO2排放时中国工业部门的TFP增长率(碳效率)比不考虑CO2排放时高出2个百分点;东部地区的工业部门在两种情形下均是推动前沿技术进步的主要力量,且在考虑CO2排放情形下表现更为突出;2000年后,中部地区个别省份的工业部门开始进入技术前沿。结论表明:中国工业的可持续发展取得了显著成绩,其中东部地区的工业发展一直走在全国前列;虽然中、西部地区工业部门的技术追赶总体上相对缓慢,但近几年个别省份也在加快步伐;2003年后中国全要素CO2排放效率增长放缓甚至出现负增长。     

Decomposing Vulnerability to Poverty

This paper applies the decomposition of the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke poverty index to the measurement of individual vulnerability to poverty. I highlight that poverty risk can be expressed as a function of expected incidence, expected intensity, and expected variability below the poverty line, three essential aspects for improving the design of appropriate risk‐management policies. An empirical illustration is provided using the British Household Panel Survey and the Italian Survey on Household Income and Wealth.     

基于村级尺度的农村水贫困评价——以常德澧县梅家港村为例

以WPI为基本框架,结合南方农村社区水资源系统的特点,从水资源状况、供水设施、利用能力、使用效率和环境状况五方面选择24个指标,建立一套南方农村社区水贫困评价指标体系.采用分级打分法量化数据,构建综合指数评价模型,并对湖南澧县梅家港村水贫困水平进行评价.结果表明:梅家港村的WPI指数值为46.567,呈现一定程度的水贫困现象.其水贫困主要表现在水资源使用效率低下、环境状况堪忧以及供水等水利基础设施相对落后等方面.该项研究说明,我国南方自然水资源条件优越的农村地区同样有可能存在不同程度的水贫困问题.     

环京津生态抑制型贫困带的现状、成因及对策建议

环京津生态抑制型贫困带自然环境恶劣、生态脆弱、区域内贫困人口集中.但这些地区是京津地区重要的水源地和资源环境保障基地,在京津都市区的自然生态系统中具有重要屏障作用和战略地位,对区域内社会经济持续发展有重要影响.文章详细分析了环京津贫困带的现状和形成原因,并从建立生态经济发展特区、生态补偿机制构建、加强首都经济圈产业对接与合作、创新生态旅游扶贫等方面提出具体对策建议,以期改善环京津贫困带的贫困现状.     

The Pro‐Poorness,Growth and Inequality Nexus: Some Findings From a Simulation Study

An income growth pattern is pro‐poor if it reduces a (chosen) measure of poverty by more than if all incomes were growing equiproportionately. Inequality reduction is not sufficient for pro‐poorness. In this paper, we explore the nexus between pro‐poorness, growth, and inequality in some detail using simulations involving the displaced lognormal, Singh–Maddala, and Dagum distributions. For empirically relevant parameter estimates, distributional change preserving the functional form of each of these three‐parameter distributions is often either pro‐poor and inequality reducing, or pro‐rich and inequality exacerbating, but it is also possible for pro‐rich growth to be inequality reducing. There is some capacity for each of these distributions to show trickle effects (weak pro‐richness) along with inequality‐reducing growth, but virtually no possibility of pro‐poorness for growth which increases overall inequality. Implications are considered.     

Domestic technology,consumption economies of scale and poverty: evidence from Sri Lanka

While it is well known that new technologies enhance consumer welfare, the manner in which these technologies impact the ability to realize economies of scale in consumption is not well understood. We use Sri Lankan household data to examine how the adoption of new technologies by households positively impacts their ability to achieve household economies of scale. This suggests that new technologies not only deliver a greater variety of consumption goods to consumers, but they may also play an important role in enabling large households to escape poverty by lowering the per-capita costs of maintaining a given standard of living. Given the importance of consumption economies of scale in the measurement of poverty, this study provides some insights on the extent to which the number of poor households changes when food consumption scale economies due to technology adoption in the domestic sphere are incorporated.     

The Elasticity of Poverty with respect to Sectoral Growth in Africa

The African continent has grown by more than 4 percent yearly on average during the past decade. However, the link between this remarkable growth rate and poverty reduction is neither obvious nor simple. This paper focuses on the elasticity of poverty with respect to GDP growth at the sectoral level and takes into account the fact that economic growth may affect poverty directly as well as indirectly through sectoral labor share intensity. It develops a methodology that sheds light on the contribution of sectoral growth to poverty reduction country‐by‐country in Africa, guiding policy recommendations. As the composition of growth matters at least as much as its overall intensity, it is key to identify the sectors that have the strongest impact on poverty reduction and unleash their potential; if growth happens to concentrate in sectors with scarce pro‐poor potential, like commodity‐driven growth, redistributive strategies are necessary to compensate the weak effect on poverty.     

总结克服“贫困陷阱”经验开启新时代现代化新征程——学习党的十九大报告关于新发展理念重要方略的体会

中国特色社会主义的伟大实践使我国告别了贫困,实现了从站起来到富起来的飞跃,坚持走中国特色社会主义道路,坚持贯彻党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略,坚持“五位一体”总体布局,坚持“四个全面”战略布局,贯彻新发展理念,建设现代化经济体系,一定能够使我们迈过“中等收入陷阱”,实现两个百年的发展目标,进一步提升“四个自信”,为解决人类问题进一步贡献中国智慧和中国方案。     

集中连片特困地区扶贫产业发展的规模特征及其经济效率评价*——以武陵山片区恩施自治州为例

[目的]在扶贫开发战略中成长起来的特色产业已经成为贫困地区经济发展和农民脱贫致富的支柱产业,特色产业的规模和经济效率直接决定着贫困地区脱贫致富能力。[方法]文章以茶叶、蔬菜代表武陵山片区湖北省恩施自治州扶贫产业,利用集中度指数、扩张弹性系数、单位面积的产值能力和产量能力以及单位产量的产值能力等指标进行扶贫产业发展的规模特征及其经济效率评价。[结果]“十一五”期间以来武陵山片区扶贫产业发展的产业地位逐渐提高、规模扩张优势显著、规模收益递增、投入规模扩张率高于产出规模扩张率、资源配置效率不断提高,比较经济效率差距持续扩大。[结论]扶贫产业亟待根据产业发展的生态化、集聚化和融合化等趋势,在规模扩张中强化特色产品的品质建设和效率优势品种生产专业化程度、提高生产技术水平以及完善产业化组织及其能力建设,提高扶贫产业的经济效率和致富能力。